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Alberta's cheap natural gas is at odds with Canada’s clean energy goals

Alberta touts its abundance of cheap fossil fuels in order to entice companies to build data centers to support the AI boom. This would undermine Canada's plans to link data center expansion with clean energy development.

Canada is the world’s?fifth largest producer of natural gases, with around 60% coming from?Alberta. The western province has a lot of fossil fuels, but also a cooler climate that can offset the costs of cooling data center infrastructure. All of this can make data center operations more cost-effective than in the United States where communities and legislators are pushing back.

Tech companies may also be able to create a market for natural gas producers who have suffered in Western Canada. Drillers have faced a glut of gas over a period of years and have at times had to pay their customers to buy gas when the price has fallen.

A rapid expansion of Alberta data centers would undermine Canada's plans for a clean AI boom powered by renewables, nuclear and hydro. Natural gas may be a cleaner energy source than oil or coal, but as a fossil-fuel it still contributes emissions.

Mark Carney, the Prime Minister of Canada, has stated that Canadian data centers would run on "some the cleanest energy in the world." The June 4 AI Strategy of his government, which aims at speeding up Canada's adoption artificial intelligence, highlighted that more than 83% the country's electricity grid is derived from renewables.

Canada has five data centers that are currently operating at the "hyperscale" level. These require at least 50 Megawatts of electrical capacity, which is equivalent to the energy needs of a small town.

Research from York University shows that nearly 100 new projects are being planned, and 90 of them are for Alberta. The province has an electricity grid with emissions five times higher than the national average.

In an interview, Alberta's Technology minister Nate Glubish stated that "we're looking at these data centres as digital refineries and pipelines for us to help bring the value of?our natural gases to global markets in a creative contemporary way."

The province hopes to attract C$100billion in investment for data centers. Glubish has made a number of trips to Silicon Valley to pitch Alberta's natural-gas pitch to energy-hungry tech giants.

Alberta's 20 small and mid-sized data centers already draw energy from its grid, which is powered 60% by natural gas. The government of Alberta is allowing new developers to choose to build their power sources in order to avoid limitations on power capacity.

Julia Sawatzky is a doctor who belongs to the environmental advocacy group Canadian Physicians for the Environment. She said that there was an increasing discrepancy in the stated goals of Canada and the reality.

Sawatzky stated that "there seems to be a vision or an idea that Canada can be a green economy, or a country that meets its climate goals." "But I think that the way in which this AI data-driven strategy could actually be implemented is a reason for us all to pay close attention."

A spokesperson for Canada's federal Department of Innovation did not comment about how Alberta's proposal to build out natural gas-fired, data centers fit with the country’s clean-power AI strategies. She stated that Canada will align the development of new data centers with clean energy expansion and environmental standards as well as benefits to local communities. A spokesperson for the Alberta government did not respond when asked to comment.

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Many tech giants set climate and emission targets. This, in theory, would place Alberta's natural-gas-based electricity grid behind other Canadian jurisdictions, such as Quebec with its low carbon hydroelectric grid.

Glubish says the companies with whom he has been in "talks" are more concerned about power availability and the ability to quickly connect to the grid. He refused to reveal the names of companies.

Glubish stated that combining natural gas with carbon storage, a technology that aims to capture emissions from industrial processes underground and store them, could help future tech companies achieve their climate goals.

Amazon, Alphabet, and Microsoft operate data centres in central Canada. However, they are smaller than those in the U.S. This offers hyperscalers a better tax incentive and closer proximity to their customers.

Meta, Microsoft and Alphabet have declined to comment about their plans to expand into Alberta. Amazon's spokesperson confirmed that the company invested in two wind and solar projects in Alberta to power its data centers.

Alberta's Pembina Pipeline, along with its partner Kineticor, are expected to reach a final investment decision by the end June for a proposed 900MW natural gas-fired generation facility?they have developed for a client who plans to build a massive data center?in the province.

Pembina has declined to identify the customer. However, on a recent call with investors, CEO Scott Burrows stated that the project would increase demand for natural gases.

Mike Belenkie is the CEO of Advantage Energy, a natural gas producer. He said: "The entire industry is scrambling to find ways to attract investment to our country to increase demand for energy and avoid wasting it at low prices."

(source: Reuters)