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Spain's lithium mine bid promises jobs but for who?

The proposed lithium mine could provide batteries for thousands of electric cars

Critics say that the job opportunities promised by mining companies are too limited.

My proposal is moving through the approval process

By Natalie Donback

He hauled them to his farm near Caceres, where they were divided into baskets and then pressed into oil. While Palomo was working, his six-year-old son Olmo chased their two sheep dogs.

Palomo stated, "I would like my son to have the opportunity to continue to enjoy our land as he grows older."

The valley is located on top of Europe's second-largest hard rock lithium deposit. A new underground mine has been proposed to tap its wealth.

According to Extremadura New Energies, the company that is seeking a license for it, the proposed San Jose Lithium Project would provide enough lithium each year to power 800,000 electric cars.

Residents are concerned about air pollution, the impact on water supplies and the threat to wildlife like the Spanish imperial Eagle.

The mine, owned by Australian Infinity Lithium, will not cause contamination or noise.

After reviewing the proposal the government of the autonomous Region of Extremadura requested that the company provide further details by June.

Some people in Extremadura (which borders Portugal on the west) hope that the European Union’s demand for Lithium -- a crucial raw material used to power everything from electric cars to cell phones -- will turn the region into an energetic hub, enabling Europe’s green energy transformation as it works to become carbon neutral in its energy system by 2050.

Extremadura has few industries, and is suffering from depopulation, with a 14.4% unemployment rate - the fourth highest in Spain.

Raquel Pastor is the director of the department for industry, energy, and mining in the Regional Government.

The European Commission added lithium to its list of essential minerals for the continent’s energy transition. This will help it reduce its dependency on Chinese minerals, and achieve its climate goals.

Lithium is an important component in batteries for electric cars, which emit fewer greenhouse gasses than traditional petrol or diesel powered vehicles.

The EC’s Critical Raw Materials Act aims to extract 10% of these minerals from Europe by 2030.

The EU is aiming to accelerate the permitting process for strategic projects that will be announced in this month. Caceres was on the first shortlist.

According to CIC energiGUNE (a Basque research institute), 13% of Europe’s lithium deposits can be found in Spain. The largest deposits are concentrated in the southern part.

Despite the fact that several companies are attempting to obtain licenses for Spain's lithium, none of them is approved or currently operational.

Critics have been very vocal in their opposition to proposed projects, citing environmental risks as well as potential impacts on agriculture and tourism.

Extremadura New Energies stated that the mine and processing facility would create 1,500 new jobs in a two-year phase of construction and 700 more jobs over its estimated 26 year operation.

Ricardo Salaya Monsell, a local union leader, said that companies had made similar promises in the past and failed to deliver.

Salaya, head of the Regional Federation for Industry, Construction and Agriculture, General Workers Union, said, "But we still see quality employment as valuable, so long as the necessary standard is met."

Farmers such as Palomo want the local government to invest in agriculture instead.

According to a new study from the University of Extremadura, agriculture could create the same number of local jobs, but with a longer-term perspective, in the next 60 year.

According to data from the government, only 9% of the people in the region are involved in agriculture. 73% work in other sectors such as tourism and hospitality.

What will happen to the workers of Caceres when the mine closes? Will they be forced to move to find employment? Palomo asked.

It's not the average life expectancy of a human being."

MINING JOBS

Ramon Jimenez Serrano, CEO of Extremadura New Energies, said that he is confident the local community will benefit from these jobs.

He said that the building phase would require mainly construction and assembly workers. However, degree-level positions such as administrators and technicians will be created during the exploitation phase.

Others, however, question the suitability of these jobs for locals due to their highly specialized nature.

Salaya said that if there is a large industrial project that requires a lot technical work, they may have to hire outsiders.

Extremadura New Energies created online courses that were subsidised by regional government to train local workers on the production of renewable energies and lithium batteries. Jimenez stated that 500 people had taken part in the course.

The mining company may dismiss the pollution risk, but "there are no precedents for modern industrial mines that have been operated and shut down without environmental contamination," stated Steve Emerman of the United States, a geophysics and mining specialist who testified in front of the European Parliament about the impact of mining on the EU.

Palomo's sheep and olives, which depend on the pristine environment of the Dehesa wooded pastureland, simply do not justify the mine.

He said that the 26-year, short-term project would threaten our ancient Dehesa landscape as well as centuries-old Olive trees.

(source: Reuters)