South America's electric vehicle market is booming -- even without Tesla

Luis Zwiebach, a Peruvian green-energy entrepreneur, flew to California 4,000 miles away to test drive Tesla Model 3 sedan. Tesla did not have an official importer, and Zwiebach was unable to navigate Peru's complicated vehicle import regulations.

He did not give up. Zwiebach explained that a man had imported one already and was looking to sell it. "So I went and saw it, and bought it."

The Tesla was initially difficult to charge at a friend's beachhouse outside Lima. He said that the car would not charge because it lacked a grounding device. "We stuck a fork into the ground to create a ground, and the car started charging."

It's easier than ever to buy an EV today in Peru. Tesla does not have a showroom, but Chinese manufacturers like BYD and GWM are selling electric vehicles at about 60% less than a Tesla. They also sell models by Toyota, Kia, and Hyundai. Tesla has not responded to a comment request.

Chinese automakers are expanding their footprint in South America, both with traditional cars and electric vehicles. According to Peru's automotive association EVs still make up a tiny portion of the 135,394 cars sold there in the nine-month period ending in September. However, they are growing. In that time period, hybrid and electric vehicle sales reached a record of 7,256 units. This is a 44% increase on the previous year.

China has increased its sales since opening the Port of Chancay north of Lima last year. The Chinese megaport has cut trans-Pacific shipping time in half, just as Chinese companies face increasing barriers to entry into the United States and increased trade restrictions in Europe. BYD, which produces EVs, hybrids, and combustion engines, plans to open a new dealership in Lima before the end of the year. Chery and Geely already have over a dozen locations in Peru.

Zwiebach, a Lima resident, said that the electric car was doing well in Lima. "More than two cars are sold each day."

He said that the growing demand for renewable energy had led him to expand his business. He now offers EV chargers, solar panels, and regenerative lifts to clients from Lima and Arequipa including real estate developers and universities.

Zwiebach said, "A property developer told him he would buy the penthouse if it had a car charger." So we did. "You just plug it into your home like a telephone."

Chinese automakers are facing a price war that is destroying their profits at home, and an increasing surplus of new vehicles coming off the factory lines of China. According to Felipe Munoz, global automotive analyst at JATO Dynamics, a large portion of this surplus is shipped overseas, mainly to the Middle East and Central Asia, as well as Latin America.

Martin Bresciani is the president of Chile's Automotive Business Chamber, CAVEM. He said that China has "carved out a space" for both petrol and electric cars. "The Chinese have already shown that they meet global standards in terms of quality."

In the first quarter this year, Chinese brands accounted for 29.6% all new passenger cars sold in Chile.

The Chinese firms are on the rise in Latin America

In its Global EV Outlook, published in 2025, the International Energy Agency stated that EV penetration will double in Latin America by 2024, to around 4%. This growth is boosted both by government incentives as well as an influx affordable Chinese models. According to the latest figures, the EV market share reached 10.6% in Chile in September. In Brazil, it was 9.4%, while in Uruguay, the figure was 28%. These are all records, according local car associations and consulting firms. By mid-2025, Europe and China will have half their new cars be EVs (56% vs 51%). In Japan and America, rates were closer to 2% or 10%. Even in Argentina where trade barriers and economic headwinds are high, EV sales continue to rise from a low baseline. BYD launched its first car in Argentina in October. BYD is already the leader in electric vehicle sales in Brazil and Colombia.

Seven dealerships in Peru, Chile and Uruguay said that part of China's success was partnering with local importers who offer models more affordable, tailored to regional tastes.

This shift is most evident in Uruguay where BYD, behind General Motors Chevrolet and Hyundai, is the third largest seller of all types of vehicles. China's share of the market in Uruguay has doubled since 2023, and now stands at 22%.

Gonzalo Elorriaga, a luxury car dealer in Uruguay's glamorous beach resort city of Punta del Este began displaying BYD vehicles a few year ago. BYD is now the most popular brand, even though he still sells European brands and Japanese ones.

Elgorriaga spoke from his Stars Motors showroom overlooking Mansa Beach.

He said that Chinese brands are now well-known and have a large market. The banks offer prize draws and credit lines in collaboration with the brands. Their appeal is also based on their competitive prices. BYD's battery electric vehicles start at $19,000 in Uruguay.

I can buy three Chinese pickups for the same price as two traditional brands. Federico Guarino, another Uruguayan auto dealer, said that the difference was huge.

NEW MEGAPORT OPENS UP CONTINENT FOR CHINA Chancay's megaport, built in Peru under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has replaced the restaurants that once welcomed weekend tourists to the sleepy fish town. Gonzalo Ros, the deputy manager of Cosco Shipping (the port operator), said to journalists in October that "each ship brings between 800 and 1,200 vehicles". Cosco anticipates that the total number vehicles arriving from China will reach 19,000 before the end of this year. The vehicles that arrive in Peru are not the only ones. Cosco Shipping has completed its first boat-based vehicle transshipment in September. It sent 250 cars to Chile where Chinese brands accounted for 33% of the total car market in July. Last week, a second trans-shipment of hybrids and electric vehicles to Chile was in progress.

Rios stated that Cosco also sent shipments to Ecuador, and Colombia in order to make Peru a regional hub for the distribution of hybrid, electric, and conventional Chinese vehicles. Chery of China, which had less than 2% share in the Peruvian EV market as of September, has already used the corridor to speed up deliveries across the continent. Customs data from Peru show that 3,057 vehicles arrived in the port in July, compared to 839 in January. Peru doesn't have a large car industry that can complain about Chinese sales, but it has caused tension elsewhere, including in Brazil. Some Chinese companies are investing in Brazil's factories, where the tariff barriers encourage local production. BYD started assembling EVs at Ford's old plant in Bahia in October and Great Wall Motors launched partial production at a repurposed Mercedes Benz facility in August.

Ricardo Bastos is the director of Institutional Affairs for GWM Brazil, and President of the country's EV Association, ABVE. He said that the company anticipates exporting vehicles to the region from its Brazil factory by 2027, or possibly earlier, leveraging favorable trade agreements between Mexico, Chile, and the South American trading bloc Mercosur.

Bastos stated in an interview that "Brazil is the third country after Russia and Thailand to receive a factory (GWM). It's a strategically sound decision, demonstrating the strength Latin America has." Brazil is also importing large quantities of Chinese vehicles. Calculations show that the largest ship in the world, which carries around 22,000 cars, docked earlier this year at Brazil's Itajai Port. Brazilian labor and industry groups claim that China is using the temporary low tariffs for EVs on South America's biggest car market in order to increase its exports, rather than invest to build Brazilian factories and to create jobs. BYD was also criticized for reports about poor working conditions at its Bahia factory. Since then, the government has moved to reimpose import duties. The government has since re-imposed import duties on foreign EVs.

Brazil may soon be able to match Chancay's role as a regional hub. Vitoria, on Brazil's southeast Atlantic coast, is currently the leader in vehicle imports. Stephen Deng, BYD Argentina's Country Manager told the media in October that BYD was expecting Brazilian arrivals in 2027. Deng stated, "I believe Argentina could adopt the same EV prices as Brazil in the future."

Bresciani said that South America still has a long way to go before EVs are adopted, citing the lack of charging stations and distances.

Zwiebach stated that it is difficult to travel along the entire coast of Peru from Tumbes all the way to Tacna.

"But it costs less to operate and you never need to visit the service garage."

(source: Reuters)