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What did Trump and Xi agree on regarding tariffs, export control, and fentanyl

U.S. president Donald Trump and Chinese president Xi Jinping took steps on Thursday to de-escalate the trade war. They swapped some U.S. duties and tighter export controls in exchange for a pause on Beijing's new restrictions regarding rare earth minerals and magnetic materials and a resumption on its purchases of American soya beans.

The agreement extends the delicate trade truce for around a year between China and the United States.

Here are the main elements of the Trump-Xi Agreement that was reached at Busan, South Korea.

TARIFF REDUCTION ON FENTANYL-RELATED CHINESE GOODS

The U.S. is reducing by half the current tariff of 20% on Chinese goods relating to supplies from China of fentanyl precursor chemicals. According to Trump administration officials, the reduction in duties to 10% from the initial duties imposed in Febrary will reduce the U.S. overall tariff rate for Chinese imports by about 57% to 47%.

This total includes tariffs of approximately 25% on Chinese imports imposed during Trump's initial term as President, a 10% "reciprocal tariff" imposed in April along with previous "Most Favoured Nation" rates.

The 47% tariff is less than the 50% tariffs Trump has imposed on goods from India and Brazil, after adding extra punitive tariffs for political reasons. Canada, which is the biggest buyer of U.S. goods, could face 35% tariffs if Trump follows up on his threat to levy an additional 10% on imports from Canada in response to an Ontario government advertisement that angered him.

CHINA'S RARE EARTH EXPORT CONTROLS ARE NOW SUSPENDED FOR ONE YEAR China has agreed to suspend for one year its export controls on rare earth minerals, magnets and other materials that are vital in the manufacture of cars, planes, and weapons. These materials have been Beijing's greatest source of leverage during their trade war with Washington. Export licenses would have been required for products that contained even trace amounts from an expanded list and were intended to prevent their use in weapons.

The Chinese move will not affect the controls put in place by the United States in April to counter Trump's "Liberation Day tariffs". This allows Beijing to continue to monitor the sector and maintain some leverage. The U.S. and China held lengthy negotiations during the summer to determine rare-earth screening and shipment procedures that would keep the Chinese metals flowing. These procedures have now been extended.

TRUMP ADMINISTRATION EXPORT CONTROLS PUSED The U.S. agreed that for one year, the Commerce Department would pause a massively expanded blacklist of companies who are banned from purchasing U.S. High Technology Goods, including semiconductor manufacturing exports. This global shift is largely intended to prohibit the use of subsidiaries or other linked firms in order to circumvent the controls.

The most significant impact would have been on Chinese companies as the new rules would have included companies that were more than half owned by those already listed. This would have led to the ban of U.S. imports for thousands more Chinese companies.

CHINA COMMITS PURCHASES OF SOYBEAN

Scott Bessent, U.S. Treasury secretary, said China had agreed to buy 12 million metric tonnes of U.S. soya beans in the current marketing season through January and to commit to buying 25 million metric ton in each of the three following years. China stopped purchasing U.S. beans in the fall, and bought none in September. It now sources all its beans from Brazil or Argentina. Beijing gained leverage in negotiations when it added economic pain for U.S. Farmers, an important constituency of Trump. Analysts said that the soybean commitments would only return China to its previous levels of U.S. purchase. The U.S. exported almost 27 million tons soybeans to China in 2024. China had promised to increase soybean purchases as part of the "Phase One", a Trump-negotiated trade agreement that stopped a trade conflict in 2020. However, the COVID-19 pandemic prevented them from meeting their targets.

TRUMP ADMINISTRATION PAUSES PORT FEES. The Trump Administration agreed to pause its new port charges for Chinese-built ships. These fees can add thousands of dollars to the cost of each trip to U.S. Ports. The fees were implemented on October 14 to combat China's global leadership in shipbuilding and ocean freight, and to revive U.S. commercial shipping. They also included 100% tariffs on Chinese ship-to shore cranes. These port fees have disrupted cargo flow, causing container prices to rise as shippers try to avoid vessels with a China connection. China has set its own fees for U.S. linked ships, which includes those owned by global shippers that have 25% U.S. equity.

COOPERATION AGAINST FENTANYL TRACKERS

Bessent reported that China had agreed to provide the U.S. with "substantial" cooperation in order to reduce the flow of fentanyl-precursor chemicals into the U.S.

Bessent said on Fox Business Network in the coming week, two working groups will "set objective measures" to reduce flows in order to measure the success of the effort in curbing deadly opioids responsible for the tens thousands of U.S. deaths from overdoses every year.

The tariffs were imposed by Trump after he had questioned the Chinese government's promises to assist. They said that they would not lift them until Beijing took concrete steps.

China, in a statement released by its Ministry of Commerce only said that both sides had "reached a consensus" regarding the cooperation on counter-narcotics. (Reporting and editing by Paul Simao, Andrea Shalal Doina Chiacu, David Lawder)

(source: Reuters)