Bousso: Iran's fragile deal with oil offers relief, but there are still risks associated with the Hormuz pipeline.

Energy exporters and buyers will breathe a collective breath of relief when the U.S. and Iran deal ends months of fighting by reopening Strait of Hormuz. The fragile calm could not prevent future outbreaks and it is unclear how soon or fully tanker traffic in the crucial waterway will return to normal. Iran and the U.S. announced an agreement late Sunday night to lift the blockade on the Strait of Hormuz. This is where a fifth of the world's oil and LNG flowed through before the February 28th war. Both sides are expected to sign the agreement on Friday.

This is a 'good thing' for energy markets that are in a crunch, but it leaves open the major issues, such as the future of Tehran’s nuclear program, which sparked the U.S.-Israeli bombing campaign. This ambiguity leaves room for confusion, disagreements and renewed confrontation. In fact, tensions are already rising again. Iran's refusal to link any deal with Israel's campaign in Lebanon against Hezbollah has threatened to derail talks. The Iranian-backed militia have exchanged fire repeatedly with Israel including at the weekend. The status of Hormuz is not clear. The deal gives Tehran a powerful tool, even though both the U.S.A. and Iran are committed to lifting the blockade. Iran's willingness to and ability of blocking the Strait for months broke a decades old taboo. It now has the potential to do it again, or even threaten it in the future whenever it wants leverage over its Gulf neighbors or adversaries. This shift could have long-lasting consequences. Even after the flow of energy returns, it is likely that shippers and buyers will be more cautious. Already, some significant adaptations have taken place. Saudi Arabia has increased its exports from Yanbu, a Red Sea port, by three times since March. This is roughly 60% more than before the war. United Arab Emirates have also increased exports out of Fujairah outside the Strait.

Even after the reopening of Hormuz, it is unlikely that Riyadh or Abu Dhabi will reverse their shifts in a complete manner.

The shipping behaviour may also change. Charterers and tanker owners will likely reduce their time in the Gulf to avoid being stuck if tensions erupt again. This caution will be reinforced by high insurance costs and concerns about security. These factors indicate that transit through the Hormuz may not reach its peak pre-war of 20 million bpd anytime soon. In the months and years to come, a flow of 16 million bpd or more is more likely. This residual risk will help to support prices. Brent crude prices have fallen below $85 a barrel, from their March peak of $118. However, the higher geopolitical risks and complex logistics will likely prevent a complete unwind to pre-war $60 levels.

The Flood of Relief

Reopening the Hormuz will lead to a multi-phased adjustment of global energy flows. First, the Gulf will be the source of this wave. The first wave of tankers will be those stranded in the Gulf during the blockade. They will start to leave almost immediately, supplying energy-starved countries and markets. Kpler estimates that around 60 million barrels worth of crude oil and refined products remain in floating storage inside the Gulf because they are unable to leave through Hormuz. Then, an influx will follow of vessels headed toward the Gulf in order to reduce Middle Eastern onshore inventory and restore export programs.

Normalisation of logistics will take some time. Supply chains may take up to 60-90 days to fully rebalance due to the long distances travelled, congestion in ports and scheduling bottlenecks. It takes about three weeks to travel from the Middle East to Asia. This means that the resumption in shipments won't bring immediate relief to the most vulnerable markets.

The impact of the conflict on global oil supplies will still be significant, even if it is not immediate. The regional producers can bring back 11 million bpd in oil production that was shut down during the conflict. They will also be able reactivate refining capacity and LNG export capability. Some volumes may return in a few weeks, but the complete recovery could take longer. It is difficult to restart fields, refineries, and export terminals following prolonged outages. Infrastructure damage caused by the war may take months, or even years, to repair.

A RESILIENT BUT?STRETCHED MARK

Reopening the plant also comes at an?important time for supply-demand equilibrium. The summer in the Northern Hemisphere is usually the time when global fuel consumption peaks, due to increased travel and air conditioning.

The return of Middle East oil will, therefore, initially only slow down the rapid decline in global inventories. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, oil stocks dropped at an average of?5.3m bpd from March to May.

Remember that the market has been surprisingly resilient during this conflict. The combination of commercial and strategic stock releases, increased U.S. imports, weaker Chinese demands, and partial easing sanctions on Russian crude and Iranian oil helped to cushion the shock. These measures did not eliminate the economic damage but they kept it manageable, effectively buying time for global economies.

This time was quickly running out, as inventories were dangerously low. The U.S. and Iran agreement is not a moment too early.

The agreement, by obscuring the underlying issues at the core of the U.S. - Iran conflict, does not reduce the risk of a new confrontation.

The message for oil markets is clear: although the acute risks from the supply shock are over, the structural vulnerabilities revealed during the war will remain.

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(source: Reuters)