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Outrage over land rights and mass graves prompted by plans for a private airport in Syria

The Syrian government's plans to transform a former military airfield in Damascus, Syria into a hub of private jets are alarming rights groups and local residents. They say the redevelopment may disturb mass graves or override land claims.

According to an article published by Syria's official news agency SANA, the civil aviation authority of Syria announced last week that it was preparing to reclassify Mezzeh Military Airport for limited civilian use, focusing on private and executive aviation. This would complement Damascus International Airport. The report stated that the removal of rubble and upgrading of infrastructure had already started.

The project will test how Syria's newly elected authorities can balance a desire to attract investments and redevelop the state's assets with two unresolved legacy of Assad family rule: the fates of tens thousands of Syrians who have gone missing and the property rights that are clouded after decades of expropriation.

NEW DOCUMENTS SHOW AIRPORT'S ROLE AS EXECUTION SITE

Mezzeh was home to the Air Force Intelligence Directorate under Bashar al Assad and his father Hafez. It also housed a number of detention centers where government opponents suspected of being spies were tortured, killed, and forced into disappearance. The air base was used to conduct official flights and for presidential flights.

Air Force Intelligence documents (AFI), recently obtained by Syria Justice and Accountability Centre, a U.S. based Syrian human rights organization, and shared with exclusively, show that senior Syrian officials approved Mezzeh as a site in 2012 for the execution of detainees who were sentenced to death by field military courts.

In one document, it was suggested that executions be moved from Sednaya, the most notorious prison in the country at the time, to Mezzeh due to its "closed security compounds" near Damascus. In subsequent correspondence, a firing range was discussed as an execution site. Later on, a hangar next to the runway was also mentioned.

Documents that highlight the central role played by Mezzeh during the Assad era in security show that officials requested a nylon rope, ordered the construction of a platform, and instructed the work to be done "under AFI supervision" with the utmost secrecy.

SJAC conducted an investigation in 2025 that identified two graves suspected to be linked to the deaths of people detained at Mezzeh. The report stated more than 1,150 prisoners died there, some from?execution, and others by torture or maltreatment.

SJAC sent a letter to the National Commission for Missing Persons in Syria on July 20, 2025, giving the coordinates for the two graves suspected inside the airport. The letter urged authorities to stop construction and excavation until these sites had been investigated.

SJAC was told by the commission that Mezzeh had no plans to be refurbished or built.

SJAC warned the commission on the 8th of September after the plans for redevelopment were revealed, that the removal of rubble, excavation and other works may damage human remains or evidence vital to identifying victims.

SJAC said it hadn't received a reply to its second email.

Amer Matar of the Syria Prisons Museum in Germany, an NGO that documents detention facilities, including those at Mezzeh said the planned work showed a lack?of respect for Syrian families, who have still not received answers about the fate of their loved ones held under Assad.

Matar said: "Constructing a business airport in a location that could contain mass graves without a thorough investigation prior to construction, without site protection and without searching for missing people and their remains and without preserving any evidence is an act extreme disregard and recklessness."

Questions from the?about suspected graves or land claims? were not answered by the Syrian Civil Aviation Authority, Syria's National Commission for Missing Persons, and Syria's Defense Ministry, who operate the airport.

SANA quoted a spokesperson from the civil aviation authority as saying that Mezzeh’s refurbishment will take into consideration the surrounding urban area, relevant legal and socio-legal issues but did not mention graves or land right. The airport's development is not clear.

Residents protest over land claims

The dispute over the land where airports were built dates back decades.

Private land was often expropriated by the Assads for government projects without compensation.

According to records shared by the Moadamiya municipal land office, Mezzeh Airport was built on land owned by hundreds of private citizens spanning 2.76 sq km (1 square mile).

Former municipal officials who did not want to be identified said that retroactive expropriation laws justified the government’s use of these lands in 1956 when the airport was built, and that no compensation had been paid.

Residents of Moadamiya demonstrated a day following the announcement of redevelopment plans. Abu Khaled, an organiser of the protest, said: "We welcome investments, but we should sit at the table to discuss our share with investors and not the state." "We have a legal right to this land."

Syria is being urged to deal with the confiscation of property during the Assad era.

On September 2, United Nations experts on land rights appealed to Syria to suspend and repeal the laws that they claimed had enabled systematic dispossession of property under Assad and either to establish mechanisms to return their legitimate owners' properties or to provide adequate compensation.

(source: Reuters)