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The timeline of underwater sabotage suspected incidents in the Baltic Sea
After a series of power outages, telecom links and gas pipelines since Russia invaded Ukraine 2022, the Baltic Sea region has been on high alert. The NATO military alliance increased its presence by adding aircraft, frigates and naval drones. A number of investigations are underway, but no suspects were brought to court. FEBRUARY: FINLAND - GERMANY TELECOM CANAL On February 21, the police of Sweden and Finland said they were investigating the suspected sabotage a undersea cable of telecoms in the Baltic Sea. The Swedish coast guard sent a vessel to where the damage was done. Investigators say that no suspects have been identified so far. Cinia, the Finnish operator, said that it detected problems with its C-Lion1 cable connecting Finland and Germany "sometime" before. It also confirmed that it received confirmation of damage to the cable even though data traffic continued. This was the third time within a short period of time that the C Lion1 cable had been damaged. It was previously completely severed back in November and December 2024. The European Commission announced that it would spend nearly a billion Euros to improve cable surveillance and create a fleet emergency repair vessels. JANUARY: SWEDEN - LATVIA CABLE A fibre optic cable undersea connecting the west coast Latvia to the Swedish island Gotland failed on 26 January, triggering an investigation from NATO and local authorities. Sweden seized the Maltese flagged bulk vessel Vezhen and boarded it on suspicion of gross sabotage. Navigation Maritime Bulgare, a Bulgarian shipping firm, said the anchor of the Vezhen had fallen to the seabed during high winds. It may have hit the cable but denied any sabotage. On February 3, a Swedish prosecutor concluded that the breach was accidental and released the vessel. POWER AND INTERNET CABLINGS FOR DECEMBER, 2024 On December 25, four telephone lines and the Estlink 2 underwater power cable, which connects Finland to Estonia, were damaged. Finland has seized the Cook Islands Eagle S tanker, on suspicion that it was responsible for the damage caused by its anchor dragging. The ship is also believed to be part of an "shadow fleet", which circumvents sanctions against Russian oil. The Kremlin has said that the seizure of the ship is not a big deal to them, and Russia previously denied any involvement in such incidents. The Finnish police reported on December 29, that they found tracks in the water where they suspect the Eagle S damaged the cables. Later, investigators recovered an anchor believed to be from the ship. The Finnish court rejected the request of Caravella LLC FZ based in the United Arab Emirates to release the ship. BALTIC TELECOM CABLES: NOVEMBER 20, 2024 On November 17 and 18 two undersea fiber-optic communication cables, located at a distance of more than 200 km (about 100 nautical miles) in the Baltic Sea, were cut. This raised suspicions about sabotage. The investigators focused on the Chinese bulk carrier Yi Peng 3. An analysis of MarineTraffic showed that the coordinates of the ship matched the time and location of the breaches. After a diplomatic standoff lasting a whole month, China finally allowed investigators and representatives from Germany along with those from Sweden, Finland, and Denmark to board the Yi Peng 3 on December 21, 2018. BALTICCONNECTOR PIPE AND CABLES - OCTOBER 20, 2023 The Balticconnector subsea pipeline that connects Finland and Estonia was cut by the Chinese container ship NewNew Polar Bear, according to Finnish investigators, when it dragged its anchor in early October 2023. The Estonian Police suspect that the ship also damaged telecoms cables linking Estonia with Finland and Sweden between October 7-8 before it hit the gas pipeline while on its way to St Petersburg, Russia. Estonian authorities claim that China did not fulfill its promise to Finland and Estonia regarding the investigation. SEPTEMBER: NORD STREAM BLASTS On September 26, 2022, explosions damaged Nord Stream 1 & Nord Stream 2 which were built by Gazprom across the Baltic Sea to supply natural gas to Germany. Sweden's investigation found explosive residue on several recovered objects, confirming that it was an intentional act. However, Sweden and Denmark ended their investigations in 2024 without naming any suspects. Western officials suggested that Moscow had blown up its own gas pipelines. This interpretation was rejected by Russia which blamed the United States of America, Britain, and Ukraine for these explosions which have largely cut off Russian gas from the European Market. These countries deny involvement. In August 2024 Germany requested that Poland arrest a Ukrainian dive instructor who was accused of being a member of a team which blew up pipelines. Poland claimed that the man fled the country before being detained. Reporting by Anne Kauranen, Essi Lehto, Nerijus Adomiaitis, Johan Ahlander, Stine Jacobsen, Andrius Sytas, Anna Ringstrom, Simon Johnson, and Agnieszka Oleniska in Gdansk. Editing by Andrew Cawthorne Timothy Heritage Alex Richardson David Evans
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Sources say that CPC Blend oil loadings were revised to 1.67 million bpd for February.
Two sources familiar with the loading schedule said that Black Sea CPC blend oil exports have been revised upwards to 1.67 millions barrels per day in February from 1.42million bpd previously due to increased supply from Kazakh fields. Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), a pipeline operator who ships CPC Blend from Kazakhstan to Russia’s Black Sea Terminal in Yuzhnaya Ozereyevka said earlier this week that CPC pipeline capacity had been reduced after a drone attacked its pumping station. Sources and calculations show that CPC Blend oil loadings at CPC terminal will be about 6,000,000 metric tons or 1,67,000,000 bpd in February, which is 18% more than the previous plan. Sources confirmed that the most recent version of the loading schedule was approved with no restrictions or cancellations for the oil producers in Kazakhstan to supply oil into the CPC system. One source said, "It is very likely that they will reach 6 million tonnes this month." Kazakhstan's oil production was estimated to be at a record-high earlier this week. Sources said that the additional oil loadings are mainly from Tengizchevroil, which is led by Chevron and has announced a recent increase in production after a planned maintenance in late 2024 or early 2025. The sources stated that it was not clear whether CPC can maintain a steady flow in March, and continue to allow Kazakh oil exporters to increase their output. CPC Pipeline declined to comment on their operational activities and export planning. CPC pipeline carries more than 1% daily supply of crude oil from Kazakhstan, Tengiz oilfields on the Caspian Sea's northeastern coasts and Russian producers. It stretches 1,500 km (939 mi) long. The CPC is owned by the Russian government, Russian oil company Lukoil and KazMunayGas, a Kazakh state-owned company. David Evans, reporting; David Evans, editing
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Russian port agency reports that a cargo ship headed from Russia has a leak in the Sea of Azov
The Russian port agency reported that a Liberian-flagged cargo vessel carrying corn from a Russian to Turkey port is trying to stop the water leakage after it sustained a crack earlier this week in the Sea of Azov. The vessel Pavel Grabovskiy was loaded with 2,939 tonnes of corn. The vessel, Pavel Grabovskiy, was loaded with 2,939 tons of corn. In a statement released by Rosmorport on Thursday, it was stated that water was being pumped from the damaged ballast tanks and additional equipment to pump water would be arriving soon. Rosmorport sent a statement to the media on Friday stating that there were no injuries, oil spills or pollution of the waters. Shipping data revealed that it was unclear what caused the crack on the vessel, which was constructed in 1979. Vi-Za Star Shipping, a Turkish company based in Istanbul, declined to comment when contacted on Friday. A government letter obtained by revealed that Russia had ordered military divers inspecting ships in its ports after four suspected oil tankers visited terminals recently. In the last month, explosions have damaged three oil tankers in the Mediterranean and one off the western coast of Russia. Ship tracking data and shipping source said that all four vessels had visited Russian ports recently. Reporting by Jonathan Saul and Gleb Stolyarov; editing by Susan Fenton.
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Parry leads Kenya Open with 65 shots.
John Parry of England carded a bogey free 65 on Friday, giving him a tournament score 14 under par and a one-shot lead after the second round at the DP World Tour Kenya Open held at the Muthaiga Golf Club. Parry is the only player to have not dropped a shot since the start of the tournament. His 63 on the Thursday was a superb score. Hebert from France, who had a 66 during his second round, leads the leaderboard halfway through the event. South African Jayden Schper (69), who is currently in third place, is five shots behind Parry and Hebert. They are both nine shots under par, and have put some distance between them and the rest of the pack. Hebert advised that "conservative play is the best way to enjoy this course." The greens have become firmer and the pins on the front nine are more difficult, especially for those who don't play from the fairway. It was harder (on Saturday) than yesterday. Parry has already won one tournament on the DP World Tour in this season, the Mauritius Open. (Reporting and editing by Christian Radnedge.)
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How many US agencies have been affected by Trump's and Musk's job cuts?
Elon Musk is one of Donald Trump's closest advisors. Together, they have launched a massive campaign to reduce the 2.3 million federal employees. They have fired more than 10,000 workers in a chaotic and unprecedented effort. Layoffs were targeted primarily at employees who had been working in their current positions for less than one year. These workers have fewer protections on the job than those with longer tenure. About 75,000 workers also accepted buyouts offered by the Trump administration. The Trump administration is yet to provide a number of people that it has terminated. Reporters have gathered some details about the recent layoffs in federal departments and agencies. Internal Revenue Service A senior executive told employees on Thursday that the Internal Revenue Service would be firing 6,000 people, according to someone familiar with the situation. A source said that the IRS will lay off around 6,700 workers, mostly those hired during the Biden administration to combat fraud by wealthy taxpayers. Republicans opposed the expansion claiming it would result in harassment of ordinary Americans. The tax collection agency employs approximately 100,000 people. Department of the Interior Sources said that around 2,300 employees were laid off by the Interior Department. This included about 800 workers from the Bureau of Land Management. The Bureau of Land Management manages millions of acres of federal land for uses such as oil and gas exploration, timber harvesting, recreational activities, and cultural preservation. The department oversees 500,000,000 acres (202.3,000,000 hectares) in public land, including dozens national parks. Department of Agriculture People familiar with the plans say that the U.S. Forest Service is letting go 3,400 probationary staff, which equals 10% of their workforce. The U.S. Department of Agriculture announced on Tuesday that several employees who were working for the federal government on its response to the H5N1 bird flu outbreak had been accidentally laid off and that they are now trying to reverse those layoffs. Sources said that workers at the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (which supports agricultural science and technological research) and the Economic Research Service (which produces reports and statistics on the farm economy) were also fired. It is unclear how many people will be laid off from the Agriculture Department. The department employs almost 100,000 employees. Department of Health and Human Services A source said that 45% of newly hired employees at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who were still on probation were laid off. According to the Associated Press, nearly 1,300 CDC employees were fired. This represents one-tenth (10) of the agency’s staff. According to an internal email, the National Institutes of Health laid off 1,165 people, mainly probationary employees. STAT News also reported that FDA workers were laid off. It is not known how many FDA employees lost their jobs. More than 80,000 people work for the Department of Health and Human Services. This department oversees the CDC and NIH, as well as Medicare and Medicaid. STAT News reports that around 5,200 have lost their job. Department of Veterans Affairs The Department of Veterans Affairs has laid off more than 1,000 employees. This department provides health care and other benefits for millions of veterans. After the Democratic U.S. She said Senator Tammy Duckworth expressed concerns on X. Patty Murray, another Democratic Senator, stated that about 30 employees were rehired by an agency which operates a Pacific Northwest Hydroelectric Dam, after 200 employees had been fired, causing a public outcry regarding the reliability of power supply. The Department employs over 450,000 people, and supervises more that 1,500 healthcare facilities. Department of Energy The Department of Energy announced on Wednesday that 700 workers had been laid off. According to sources, up to 2,000 workers were informed that they would be laid off. Managers were instructed to give evidence as why certain employees should be rehired. Sources say that on February 14, 325 employees were notified that they would be laid off by the National Nuclear Security Administration. This is an Energy Department Office that manages and safeguards the U.S. arsenal of nuclear weapons as well as dangerous nuclear material around the globe. The Energy Department announced on Sunday that fewer than fifty workers were eventually sacked from the agency after an uproar in the public and an attempt by the administration, to hire some of these employees back. The Energy Department employs approximately 14,000 people and contracts with 95,000 others. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENT The Environmental Protection Agency fired 388 probationary staff. The Environmental Protection Agency, which enforces environmental laws such as the Clean Air Act, has announced the firing of 388 probationary employees. FEDERAL AVIATION Administration Sean Duffy, Secretary of Transportation, said that the FAA has fired over 300 of its 45,000 employees. This comes as concerns about air traffic safety are raised in light of recent plane crashes. Department of Education A letter obtained by has revealed that at least 160 new hires have been informed of their termination from the Department of Education. Trump has asked for the dissolution and termination of the entire Department of Education, including its 4,400 staff. However, Congress must approve. The federal department, while local and state governments are responsible for most education issues in the United States provide billions in grants and loans for higher education. It also provides funding for students who have disabilities or are economically disadvantaged. The department enforces civil right laws. CONSUMER FINANCIAL HEALTH BUREAU The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which was responsible for protecting consumers against banks, debt collection agencies, and other financial companies, has been shuttered in large part after the Trump Administration ordered that it cease all activities. People familiar with the situation said that between 140 and 200 probationary or so-called "term" employees of the agency have been terminated. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Sources claim that 100 General Services Administration employees received termination notices. More than 12,000 employees work for the independent agency that manages government real estate and oversees government contracts. Office of Personnel Management Sources said that all probationary employees of the Office of Personnel Management (which handles the human resources of the U.S. Government) were terminated in a group meeting of around 100 people. Small Business Administration In a letter obtained by, the Small Business Administration fired at least 45 probationary staff. The agency employs thousands of people and provides support to small businesses. (Reporting and editing by Scott Malone, Deepa Babington, and Joseph Ax)
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Asia LNG spot prices fall to a three-week low due to tepid demand
The Asian spot price of liquefied gas (LNG), which is a form of natural gas, fell to its lowest level in three weeks on Friday due to the lacklustre demand for gas and the decline in European wholesale prices. Average LNG price for April deliveries to North-east Asia Industry sources estimate that the price of a million British thermal unit (mmBtu) was $14.00, down from $16.10 per MMBtu last week and at its lowest level since late January. Charles Costerousse is a senior LNG analyst with data analytics firm Kpler. He said, "We are bearish on Asian LNG prices due to the expectation of mild temperatures in north-east Asia during March and a recovery in LNG supply." Martin Senior, Argus' head of LNG pricing, stated that Japanese stock levels have been depleted due to a recent cold snap, but spot demand has been low. He added that prices are still too high for second-tier Chinese buyers as well as Indian firms. This is limiting the demand on the spot market in Asia. Gas prices in Europe fell this week to near four-weeks lows, but they have since stabilized as the U.S. talks with Ukraine to end the conflict and EU member states are discussing the relaxation of storage targets. Alex Froley is a senior LNG analyst with ICIS. He said that market volatility could still lead to large price swings, depending on the outcome the Ukraine peace negotiations and EU storage goals. The European Commission, according to a draft EU document, will be working on a more flexible target for EU countries in order to fill their gas storages ahead of the winter after being concerned that strict deadlines might drive up prices. "Fundamentally the European storage is still lower than in the past two mild winters, but it will be sufficient for the rest of the winter. It will take a large amount of gas to fill up before the next winter. Froley said that this will help keep the prices stable throughout summer. According to Florence Schmit, energy strategist at Rabobank, Europe may need to import 70 billion cubic meters (bcms) of LNG in the summer to fill the storage sites for next winter. Schmit said that if storage targets were relaxed this year, the strength of summer prices relative to winter prices would diminish. S&P Global Commodity Insights estimated its daily North West Europe (NWM) LNG Marker price benchmark on a basis of ex-ship (DES), for cargoes to be delivered in April, at $13.927/mmBtu. This represents a $0.67/mmBtu reduction from the April gas prices at the Dutch TTF Hub. This marks an 8% decline weekly. Spark Commodities set the price for delivery in March at $13,96/mmBtu. Qasim Afghanistan, Spark Commodities analyst, says that the U.S. arbitrage for north-east Asia through the Cape of Good Hope has decreased for the fourth consecutive week. However it still indicates the U.S. cargoes have an incentive to be delivered to Europe and not Asia. Afghan said that global LNG freight rates have recovered from previous record lows. On Friday, Atlantic rates were $6,250/day and Pacific rates were at a new record low of $10,000/day.
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Why the oil flow through the Iraq-Turkey Pipeline has been stopped
After a nearly two-year halt, crude oil could soon flow again through a pipeline connecting the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq with Turkey. According to sources, the Trump administration has piled pressure on Iraqi officials to allow Kurdish crude oil exports to resume or face sanctions along with Iran. The Kurdistan Regional Government and the Federal Government of Iraq have not yet worked out the details needed for a resumption, such as an acceptable payment mechanism to the oil companies. This is a summary of the dispute over pipelines: What is the latest? Iraq's oil minister Hayan Abdel-Ghani said to reporters on Monday, that oil exports will resume from the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region next week. The announcement was made after the Iraqi Parliament approved on February 2 a budget amendement that set a rate for oil transportation and production costs of $16 per barrel in Kurdistan. The KRG is also required to transfer its oil production to the State Oil Marketing Organization, a state-run organization. In a brief statement posted on its website, an association of oil companies in Kurdistan that includes DNO Energy, Gulf Keystone Petroleum, Shamaran Petroleum and Genel Energy welcomed the amendment. KRG rejected the earlier $7.9 per barrel proposal as being too low. Safeen Dizayee, the head of the KRG's Department of Foreign Relations, said on Tuesday that no technical or legal issues remained to be resolved in order to resume the flow. He declined to specify when the pipeline would be reopened. The Turkish government said that it had not received any information yet from Iraq regarding the resumed oil flow on the Iraq-Turkey pipe. Why is it important? While Iraq, OPEC’s second largest oil producer, exports around 85% of its crude oil via ports in southern Europe, the northern route through Turkey accounts for only 0.5% of the global oil supply. The resolution of a dispute that has lasted for nearly two years could add to oil supply and increase prices. Baghdad's oil minister stated that Baghdad expects to receive around 300,000 barrels of crude oil per day (bpd). It is expected that the oil export resume will also ease the economic pressure on the Kurdistan Region, where the stoppage has resulted in salary delays for workers of the public sector and cutbacks to essential services. What prompted the shutdown? On March 25, 2023, Turkey stopped pumping approximately 450,000 barrels of oil per day (bpd), including around 370,000 bpd KRG crude via the pipeline. The flow was stopped after the International Chamber of Commerce ordered Ankara pay Baghdad $1.5 billion for damages incurred by unauthorised exports from 2014 to 2018. Baghdad claimed that the national company responsible for the marketing of Iraqi oil, SOMO was the only one authorised to handle crude exports through the Turkish port. The pipeline was shut down by Turkey because the Iraqi federal government gained the right to control loading in Ceyhan. What is the dispute about? Iraq filed an arbitration request in 2014 at the Paris-based ICC regarding Turkey's role as a facilitator of oil exports out of Kurdistan, without the consent from the federal government. Iraq claimed that Turkish trading and pipeline firm BOTAS violated the 1973 Iraq-Turkey Pipeline Agreement by facilitating Kurdish crude oil exports through Ceyhan. Sources told us that the ICC ruled Iraq had the right to control loadings in Ceyhan, and ordered Turkey pay half of the discount on KRG oil sold. Iraq received a net award of $1.5 billion, before interest. The initial request was for $33 billion. A case is currently being arbitrated that covers the period of 2018 and beyond. Reporting by Maha El-Dahan, Ahmed Rasheed, and Nerijus Adomatis; editing by Daniel Flynn
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After the tanker explosions, Russia ordered divers to inspect ports
According to a recent letter, the Russian authorities have tightened up measures in ports and are employing divers to check the bottom of ships. This is due to increasing threats to infrastructure and merchant shipping. The letter from the Russian Transport Ministry and Federal Agency for Sea and River Transport (ROSMORRECHFLOT) instructs sea port Captains to inform shipowners of the need for all vessels to be checked for explosives and foreign objects upon arrival at seaports. This includes using divers and underwater telemetric equipment. The letter, dated 14 February, mentions an increased threat to the safety of transport infrastructures and merchant ships transporting high-risk and dangerous goods. In separate incidents in the past month, three oil tankers in the Mediterranean and one in the Baltic Sea were damaged by explosions. The causes of these blasts are unknown. (Reporting, writing and editing by Robert Harvey)
Maguire: UK and Japan's bioenergy plans threaten climate change in a new way
In recent years, the fuzzy labelling of bioenergy has led to its expansion in global power systems. It is often used as a substitute for coal in countries that are committed to reducing fossil fuel usage in power production.
Bioenergy plants are plants that burn organic material known as biomass in order to produce electricity. They are often grouped with solar, wind, and hydroelectric plants as forms of renewable energy.
The rapid growth of bioenergy capacity is a new climate threat, as it could promote further deforestation.
The United Kingdom and Japan are building the largest pipelines of bioenergy outside China. This means that developed nations can play a major role in pushing biomass usage to new heights in the next few years.
GROWING PIPELINE
Global Energy Monitor (GEM) reports that the UK and Japan account for almost 30% of bioenergy capacity currently under construction.
The 1,200 megawatts of bioenergy capacity in Japan and the UK, which are currently under construction, fall short of China's 3,400 MW.
Once construction is complete, these totals will still lead to a sharp increase in bioenergy capacity both in Japan and in the UK.
GEM data indicates that Japan's bioenergy capacity will increase by 36%, while the UK capacity will rise by 20% when the new projects are operational.
These capacity expansions will increase the influence of bioenergy plants in national power generation systems.
Shares Expanding
Over the last decade, the share of electricity produced by bioenergy power plants has steadily increased in Japan and the UK.
According to Ember, the energy think-tank, bioenergy plants in Japan will account for 6% of total electricity production by 2024. In the UK, that percentage is 8%.
2024 marked the highest ever bioenergy generation in both countries.
Japan's bioenergy plant produced almost 46 terawatt-hours (TWh), a record, in absolute terms. This is a 7% increase from 2023.
The UK's bioenergy-fired electric output in 2024 was 18,8 TWh, the second highest since the record of 19 TWh set in 2021.
The UK total is 41% higher than the 2023 bioenergy production tally, thanks to an increase in production that was sustained late last year, as bioenergy plants offset the loss of generation at the UK's final coal plant.
Emissions Impact
Growing volumes of bioenergy production have led to a corresponding increase in emissions from plants.
Bioenergy plants in Japan released 10 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide from January to October. This was a 7% increase over the same period in 2023, and the highest ever.
Bioenergy plants in the UK released around 4.3 millions tons of CO2, just a little short of the record set for 2021 of 4.4million tons.
These totals pale by comparison with the emissions from fossil fuel plants during the same period. Japan's total for fossil fuels fired was 330 millions tons, while the UK's total was 41 million tonnes.
While fossil fuel usage in both countries is likely to have peaked, the bioenergy pollution will continue to rise, especially when new capacity projects are completed.
The UK, Japan, and other countries will need to deforest large areas of woodland to provide the biomass for bioenergy plants. This will have a negative impact on the regional and global climate system.
The UK imports wood chips and pellets primarily from the United States and Canada, while Japan gets its wood pellets mainly from Indonesian ancient rainforests.
The impact of bioenergy plants on the environment will be felt far beyond the borders of Japan and the UK. This may lead to further climate change by accelerating deforestation elsewhere.
These are the opinions of the author who is a market analyst at.
(source: Reuters)