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Maguire: A mid-year review of global energy transition progress

Global utilities produced a record amount clean electricity during the first half of 2025 while reducing output of fossil fuels. This maintained the momentum of the international efforts to reduce fossil fuel usage in energy production.

The energy transition was more variable at the regional level. While Europe and the United States recorded rare increases in fossil-fuel use, China increased its lead in producing clean electricity.

Here is a list of key milestones in global and regional electric generation so far for 2025.

CLEAN GROWTH

Data from the energy think tank Ember revealed that global utilities produced a record number of 6,405 Terawatt Hours (TWh), or electricity, from clean sources between January and June 2025.

This was 6% higher than the output in the same six-month period of 2024. The clean electricity production has been increasing every six months over the last three years.

The share of clean power in global utility electricity was at a record 43.2%. This compares to a share of 41.8% during the first half 2024.

Hydro dams were a major source of clean energy globally from January to June. They accounted for 14%, or 2,060 TWh, of the total electricity production.

Both wind and solar farms generated around 9% total electricity, which was both a record in terms of output absolute and overall share.

So far in this year, nuclear power plants have provided an extra 9% of the global electricity.

Solar power output grew the most year-over-year of all energy sources. It jumped by 29% from the first half of 2024, to 1,289 terawatt hours.

FOSSIL FLUX

The global fossil fuel powered electricity supply was flat in comparison to a previous year at 8,414 tWh during the first half of this year.

The coal remained as the most important fossil fuel source and has generated around 4,909 TWh in electricity this year.

The global coal-fired power generation volume was the lowest for a period of six months since the first half 2023. And coal's contribution to the global mix of generation was the lowest on record for six months since at least 2019.

As of this date, natural gas has lost share in global electricity generation. This is due to a sharp rise in gas prices that occurred in 2024-2025.

Globally, natural gas plants produced 21% of the world's electricity in the first half 2025. This is down from 22% the year prior and 23% on average since 2019.

HIGHLIGHTS GEOGRAPHICAL

The biggest year-over-year changes in Europe's electricity mix were due to the decline in hydro and wind power production, which forced utilities into increasing their fossil fuel production.

The wind generation in Europe dropped by 8% in the first half of 2024, while the hydro output fell by 12%. This resulted in a 3% reduction in the total clean electricity in Europe from January to June in comparison to the same time period in 2024.

Gas-fired electricity production in Europe increased by 9% in comparison to the first half of 2024. Coal-fired generation grew by 3%.

Gas-fired power generation in the United States fell by 4% from January to June 2024. Coal-fired production grew by 17%, as gas prices increased and fuel networks switched to coal.

China, the world's largest fossil fuel electricity producer, saw a 2% drop in coal and natural gas outputs from the first six months of 2024.

Chinese utilities have been able to reduce power from fossil fuel plants this year due to an increase of 14% in the total supply of clean electricity - to 2,007 TWh, a record.

Otherwhere, clean energy output increased 7% in the first half of 2024, while fossil fuel production remained flat. This indicates that the majority of economies made progress on the energy transition even though Europe and the United States were regressing.

These are the opinions of a columnist who writes for.

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(source: Reuters)