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US port workers' dispute threatens bananas, clothes, and cars

On Oct. 1, 45,000 unionized workers may walk off their jobs at seaports along the U.S. East Coast and Gulf Coast, cutting off vital trade routes just weeks before the presidential election.

JPMorgan estimated that a strike would cost the U.S. $5 billion per day.

The strike may affect 36 ports, which handle approximately half of U.S. imports by ocean. This could impact the availability of bananas, clothing and cars that are shipped in containers. It may also create weeks-long queues at ports. Logistics experts say that it could also cause shipping costs to rise, which may be passed onto voters who are already frustrated by housing and food inflation.

What's the issue?

There appears to be a deadlock over wages between the United States Maritime Alliance and International Longshoremen's Association, a union that represents workers in ports from Maine to Texas. The current six-year agreement expires midnight on September 30.

The ILA's first strike since 1977 would be a general strike on the East Coast and Gulf of Mexico.

A Biden administration official said that the President would not use federal powers to stop a strike.

A long and widespread strike could lead to shortages and increased costs in a wide range of industries.

What do longshoremen do?

Longshoremen are also known as stevedores and they handle the cargo of incoming ships. Most of their work is on container ships. However, they also work on car carriers and cruise liners.

The crane operators secure cargo containers in transit by "lashing" them to the ship. They also process paperwork.

AUTOS, MACHINERY & PARTS

According to S&P Global Market Intelligence, the ports covered by this contract imported vehicles worth $37.8 Billion during the 12-month period ending June 30, 2024. Baltimore, Maryland is the leading port in the country for car shipments.

Logistics experts say that auto parts are a major import for the East Coast of the United States and Gulf of Mexico. They also said that shipments coming from Europe were more difficult to reroute compared to those coming from China.

S&P Global Market Intelligence showed that the ports are also leading in the U.S. for shipments of machinery and precision instruments. The figures were $97.4 Billion, $16.2 Billion and $15.7 Billion respectively.

Agriculture and pharmaceuticals

A strike would put at risk about 14% of the total volume of U.S. agricultural exports that are waterborne. The American Farm Bureau Federation estimates that the value of these exports could reach $318 million over a period of one week.

The Farm Bureau reported that 53% of U.S. agricultural imports transported by water are susceptible to a strike. This could have an economic impact of more than $1.1 billion per a week.

According to Jason Miller, the interim chair of Michigan State University’s Department of Supply Chain Management, three-quarters (75%) of the United States' banana imports come from countries such as Guatemala and Ecuador.

Separately the U.S. exports cotton and imports large quantities of coffee and cocoa.

Mike Steenhoek said that a strike would also affect the container exports for soybeans, soy meal, and other products, and have a major impact on meat or eggs, whether they are chilled or frozen.

Refrigerated containers are essential for the $18 billion-per-year U.S. market of beef, pork and poultry exports and $5.8 million-per-year egg and poultry exports.

Joe Schuele, spokesperson for the U.S. Meat Export Federation, stated that in the first seven month of this year about 45% of pork and beef exports from America were shipped through East Coast and Gulf Coast port.

Customs data, and the USA Poultry & Egg Export Council, show that more than a quarter (25%) of U.S. exports of eggs and egg products and about 70% of poultry meat are shipped out of ports on the East Coast and Gulf Coast.

According to Everstream Analytics, the affected ports handle 91% of all containerized imports from the United States and 69% containerized exports.

Nearly one third of the containerized pharmaceutical imports into the U.S. enter through the Charleston, South Carolina port, while more than one-third leave the U.S. via the Norfolk, Virginia port.

ENERGY & MILITARY, CRUISES AND CONSUMER GOODS

About half of container volumes are shipped by retailers. Retailers in the United States have already rushed to ship holiday merchandise.

According to S&P Global Market Intelligence, the ports that could be affected by an upcoming strike would bring in over half of all knitted and nonknitted clothing, worth $32.8 billion. They also carry furniture, valued at $23.4 million, which is valued at more than half.

Although the Gulf Coast ports in Houston and New Orleans, which are important hubs for oil and gas shipments, these commodities would be largely unaffected if a strike affected more labor-intensive containers. Experts said that the same is true for coal exports out of Norfolk, Virginia.

The ILA has, however, pledged to work on passenger cruise ships and handle military cargo during a strike.

HIGHER COSTS AND BIG DELAYS

A strike could increase shipping costs and cause long delays.

John McCown of the Center for Maritime Strategy, a senior fellow, said that the top five ports within the negotiating group – New York and New Jersey, Savannah, Georgia, Houston, Norfolk, and Charleston – handled more than 1,5 million 20-foot-equivalent units (TEUs), valued at $83.7billion, in August. He said that two-thirds were inbound cargo, and the rest was outbound.

Logistics experts warned that trade disruptions caused by a stoppage of work would start immediately and send rates up, affecting the entire U.S. economic system.

Sea-Intelligence analysts, a Copenhagen-based shipping consultancy, estimate that it will take between four and six days to clear up the backlog after a strike of one day.

Maersk, a major ocean transporter and member of the Employer Group, has warned that an unplanned shutdown of one week could take up to six weeks, with "significant backlogs and delay compounding each day." (Reporting from Lisa Baertlein, Tom Polansek and Karl Plume in Chicago, Marcelo Téixeira in New York, and David Shepardson, Jarrett Renshaw and Anna Driver in Washington. Editing by William Maclean, Anna Driver and Deepa Babington.

(source: Reuters)