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What are the balloons used to smuggle that have caused air traffic disruption in Lithuania?

Belarus, an ally of the Kremlin, has been accused by authorities of launching a hybrid attack on Lithuania, forcing the airport to shut down multiple times. Since October, the airport, which is only 30 km from Belarus, has been closed over a dozen different times. This has disrupted hundreds of flights, and affected thousands of passengers. Lithuania declared an emergency on Tuesday to highlight the escalating tensions with Belarus.

What is known about these balloons?

What are they?

High-altitude balloons filled with hydrogen or helium can fly wherever the wind takes, but their altitude is controlled remotely by the ground.

Meteorologists use them to measure stratospheric temperatures starting at 15 km (9.3 mi) above the ground. They have now been repurposed for smuggling cheap Belarusian cigarettes to Lithuania. After tighter border controls during the 2021 migrant crises, this practice has increased.

In 2024, several hundred balloons were recorded.

The balloons pass over the border at a height of 3-4 km. Smugglers can communicate with the balloon in Lithuania to track its position and direct it towards a?land.

A balloon can carry 500 to 1,500 cigarettes. Each pack costs less than one euro, while in Lithuania, the same brand of cigarettes would cost 4.5 euros.

HOW DO THEY LOOK LIKE?

Photos of border?guards show teardrop-shaped, thin balloons made from semi-transparent, or white latex. They are tethered with a rectangular crate that is likely to contain contraband and a GPS tracking device. Lithuanian media reports they measure about three metres once inflated.

Why are the balloons a problem?

Authorities claim that the balloons are flying at the same height as airliners as they approach an airport. This increases the risk of collisions.

Recently, local rules have been updated to include balloons as a mid-air threat.

The Lithuanian authorities have improved their detection systems, and are now better able to identify if the flight paths of any identified ballons pose a danger to civil aviation.

According to the interior ministry, since October, Vilnius Airport was?closed' for more than 60 hrs due to the threat of smuggling helium balloons. This has affected more than 350 flights, and around 51,000 passengers.

What happens to the cigarettes?

Lithuania claims that smuggled cigarettes manufactured in Belarus are mainly consumed in Lithuania.

In 2024, the Lithuanian Border Guard confiscated over 1.4 million illicit cigarette packs. Of these, 1.2 million were marked to be sold in Belarus.

WHAT IS THE BELARUS POSITION? Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko claims that Lithuania exaggerates incidents involving smugglers balloons, but Minsk doesn't want to start a war. He called Lithuania's previous closure of the border which lasted for several weeks a "crazy fraud" and accused the West of waging a war hybrid against Belarus and Russia.

Belarus, who allowed its territory be used to support Russia's invasion in Ukraine 2022, accused Lithuania of using a drone?to spy on them and drop "extremist materials". Vilnius rejects this accusation.

WHY ARE THE BALLOONS NOT SHOT DOWN?

Initially, the Lithuanian government claimed that they had not been shot down due to their heavy payloads posing a danger to property or lives.

Lithuania's chief defence officer said that although the government has authorized the use of "kinetic" measures, the army still had not found a cost-effective way to detect and deflate balloons. (Reporting from Andrius Sytas, Vilnius; Editing by Mark Heinrich and Ros Russel)

(source: Reuters)