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As Middle East trade routes are blocked by conflict, air freight rates have risen.

Data shows that air freight rates on some routes have risen up to 70% since the U.S./Israeli war against Iran began. The conflict has caused flights to be restricted, ocean shipments to be blocked, and jet fuel prices are on the rise.

Experts say that the Middle Eastern airspace restrictions and security concerns have had the greatest impact on the rates for routes between South Asia and Europe. This is after more than 100 containers ships were stranded in the area surrounding the Strait of Hormuz, a vital oil export corridor.

Container ships are used to transport products like generic drugs from India that are destined for Europe, Africa, and certain Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.

"The biggest shift I have heard is that companies are moving generic medicines from ocean freight to air freight," said Yadav. He's a senior fellow with the Council on Foreign Relations.

Air cargo has become a major factor in global trade, accounting for about one-third of the total value. Rate spikes could have a negative impact on goods such as fresh foods, pharmaceuticals and electronic products.

Steve Blough is the chief supply chain strategy at logistics software company Infios. He said that customers are moving freight from oceans to air. However, it's extremely expensive. It can be 5x-10x more expensive. And these costs are increasing as capacity tightens. Shippers often move a small quantity by air to fill a gap.

JET FUEL PRICES DOUBLE The price of jet fuel has doubled in the last two years. Danish container shipping giant,?Maersk? announced this week that its air cargo service is now applying fuel surcharges as well as war risk levies.

Airspace closures also resulted in a reduction of cargo capacity on passenger and freighter planes, as airlines took longer routes to avoid conflict zones. This further pushed up rates.

The Middle Eastern conflict has severely restricted operations at Dubai and Doha, which are usually among the busiest air freight hubs in the world.

Niall van de Wouw (chief air freight officer, transportation pricing platform Xeneta) attributed the higher air cargo prices to a "dramatic decrease" in capacity at major Middle East transshipment centers, rather than increased fuel prices.

Ronald Lam, CEO of Cathay Pacific Airways in Hong Kong, said that many of their freighter flights heading to Europe stop at Dubai to fuel up and to pick up additional cargo.

He said this on a Wednesday earnings call. "But due to the situation in Dubai we're skipping that layover and are now flying direct from Hong Kong to Europe, with some payload restrictions, because we could not uplift fuel between," he explained.

According to an air freight index published by Freightos (a platform for booking and paying freight), spot off-contract rates from South Asia into Europe are up 70% from $2.57 to $4.37 per kilogram just before the start of the war. South Asia to North America rates are now up 58% at $6.41 per kg. Europe to the Middle East rates have increased by 55%, to $2.79 a kg. According to Judah Levine of Freightos, the head of research, a significant portion of air cargo exports are routed through Gulf hubs, and others have had to be rerouted through East Asia.

He said that the price increase on some of these lanes has slowed, leveled off, or even declined slightly over the past few days.

These trends could be due to Asian and European carriers adding capacity on these long-haul routes to compensate for Gulf capacity. They may also be due to some Gulf carriers, most notably Emirates, having resumed operations and increased the number of flights leaving and arriving at important Gulf hubs.

(source: Reuters)