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As Middle East trade routes are blocked by conflict, air freight rates have risen.

Data shows that air freight rates on some routes have risen up to 70% since the U.S. and Israeli war against Iran began. The conflict has caused flights to be restricted, ocean shipments blocked, and a rise in 'jet - fuel costs.

Experts in the industry said that the Middle Eastern airspace restrictions and security concerns have had the greatest impact on the rates for routes between South Asia, and Europe. This is after more than 100 containers ships were stranded around the Strait of Hormuz, a critical oil export corridor.

Swiss logistics group Kuehne+Nagel announced on Friday that global carriers prioritize shipments of perishables such as food and healthcare into the Middle East.

Prashant Yadav, a pharmaceutical supply chain expert, explained that some generic drugs and pharmaceutical ingredients are transported on container ships from India to Europe, Africa, and certain Arab countries.

"The biggest shift I have heard is that companies are moving generic drugs from ocean freight to airline cargo," said Yadav. He's a senior fellow with the Council on Foreign Relations.

Air cargo accounts for about a third of all global trade in terms of value. Rate spikes could have a negative impact on goods such as fresh food, pharmaceuticals and electronic products.

Steve Blough is the chief supply chain strategy at logistics software company Infios. He said that customers are moving?freight to air. However, it's extremely expensive. It can be 5x-10x more expensive. And these costs are increasing as capacity tightens. Shippers often move a limited quantity of freight by air in order to fill a gap.

JET FUEL PRICES DOUBLE The price of jet fuel has doubled in the last two years. Danish container shipping company?Maersk announced this week that its air cargo service is now applying fuel surcharges, as well as war risk levies. Maersk increased surcharges for some ocean cargo coming from the region on Friday. Analysts said that they expected oil prices to stay high in the short term, before stabilizing in later years.

Airspace closures also resulted in a reduction of cargo capacity on passenger and freighter planes, as airlines took longer routes to avoid conflict zones. This further pushed up rates.

The Middle Eastern conflict has severely restricted operations at Dubai and Doha, which are usually among the busiest air freight hubs in the world.

Niall van de Wouw is the chief air freight officer of transportation pricing platform Xeneta. He attributed higher air cargo 'rates' to a?dramatic reduction? in capacity at major Middle East transshipment centers, more than fuel prices.

Ronald Lam, CEO of Hong Kong-based Cathay Pacific Airways, said that many of the airline's freighter flights to Europe usually stop in Dubai for refueling and to pick up additional cargo. He said that on Wednesday, he would be announcing the decision to skip Dubai and fly direct from Hong Kong, with some restrictions on payload, due to the fact that fuel could not be transported between the two cities. According to Freightos' air freight index, spot off-contract rates from South Asia have increased 70% from $2.57 to $4.37 per kilogram just before the war started. South Asia to North America rates are now up 58% at $6.41 per kilogram, while Europe to the Middle East rates are up by 55% to 2.79 per kilogram. A significant portion of South Asia's air cargo exports travels via Gulf hubs, and some had to reroute via East Asia.

He said that the price increases on these lanes have slowed, leveled off, or even declined slightly over the past couple of days.

These trends could be due to Asian and European carriers increasing capacity on these long-haul routes to compensate for Gulf carriers' absence, or they could also be due to Gulf carriers, most notably Emirates, having resumed operations and increased the number of flights leaving and arriving at important Gulf hubs.

(source: Reuters)