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What could be causing the Iberian Power Outage?

A massive blackout in Spain, Portugal, and parts of France has prompted a search for the cause. The outage, which halted traffic lights, trains, and bank machines, was one of Europe's largest ever power system failures.

Cyber Attack?

Portugal's Premier Luis Montenegro said that there were no signs of a cyberattack. However, both countries continue to investigate all possible hypotheses.

EXPLAINATIONS SO FAR

In a Monday night statement, Spanish grid operator Red Electrica pointed out a "strong fluctuation in the flow of power" that caused "a very substantial loss in generation."

The electrical system was not designed to handle this loss in generation, and so the Spanish grid has been disconnected from the European grid.

Red Electrica reported that the electrical system collapsed and caused voltage losses at the supply points for both the Spanish peninsular electrical system and the Portuguese peninsular electrical system.

What causes power outages?

Extreme weather conditions such as high winds, storms or lightning are the most common causes of unplanned power cuts that disable electricity on a wide scale.

These faults can also occur when power stations, power lines, substations, or other parts or the grid or transmission system are affected.

The majority of power outages last anywhere from a few seconds to several hours.

What is the IBERIAN Power Mix?

Spain is Europe's largest producer of renewable energy. The Monday shutdown has already sparked a debate over whether the volatile supply of solar or wind power made its systems more susceptible to an outage.

Red Electrica data indicates that solar photovolatic energy (PV) provided almost 59% Spain's electrical power at the time the blackout occurred. Wind power contributed nearly 12% of Spain's electricty, nuclear approximately 11%, and combined cycle gas plant 5%.

Red Electrica data shows that in just five minutes, on Monday between 1230-1235 local time (1030-1035 GMT), the solar PV generation fell from 18 GW down to 8 GW.

What factors could be involved?

Sources with direct knowledge in the sector have confirmed that the Spanish grid had very little "inertia" at the time the outage occurred. Inertia is the amount of energy in large rotating masses like generators or industrial motors.

Inertia stabilizes the grid when demand or production suddenly drops or increases.

In those conditions, if production drops for any reason (there is less inertia), the grid will lose (more) inertia. Everything fails. In a blackout you have to rebuild the inertia, which can take a few hours, before things are brought back online.

Victor Becerra of the University of Portsmouth in the UK, a professor of power system engineering, said that the Iberian blackout showed the complexity of managing energy systems, especially as they incorporate increasing amounts of intermittent renewable energies, such as solar and wind. Reporting by Nina Chestney and Pietro Lombardi; editing by Susan Fenton.

(source: Reuters)