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The largest US grid has paid up to $28,000 per Megawatt to balance electricity in a heat wave

During extreme weather conditions, costs to balance?power in PJM, America's largest grid, have risen to astronomical heights. This has exposed strains caused by overloaded transmission lines and booming demand for data centers.

These price spikes are not typical for PJM, but they have increased the overall cost of balancing supply and demand. These costs are eventually passed onto homes and businesses via electricity bills.

During the heatwave last week, PJM paid power plants and other sources up to $28,000 per Megawatt in order to quickly adjust their output and keep supply and demand of electricty balanced. According to a PJM analysis, the spike in cost for regulating second-by-second fluctuations in PJM supply and demand is more than 100-fold higher than this year's average.

The operation of an electric grid is dependent on the balance. Federal regulators say that a large imbalance lasting up to several moments can cause rotating blackouts.

PJM confirmed a spike in price of $27.698 per megawatt that occurred around midday on?July 2?. The sweltering heat boosted air-conditioning use on that day in PJM territory, which covers 67 million people from the Mid-Atlantic, South, and Washington, D.C. areas. PJM said that its 'unrestricted peak loads of 168 gigawatts was a record-breaking load.

According to PJM's website, the heatwave last week was a result of a combination of massive congestion and reserve deficits on power lines supplying electricity to Greater Baltimore, Delaware, and the largest data center hub in northern Virginia.

PJM's grid is already?under strain as the electricity demand increases faster than?the operator of the grid can add new resources in order to meet data center, electric vehicle charging and air conditioning needs. PJM's capacity prices have risen by 1,000% in the last decade, resulting in billions of additional dollars for customers.

The Ohio Manufacturers' Association said that the price increases were due to the fact that new power generation projects are still being delayed. Also, the Ohio Manufacturers' Association stated the prices and planning of the electricity market have been influenced by the uncertainty in large-load forecasts as if the demand was guaranteed to be met.

PJM reported spending $217 million in the first quarter on?regulation services to balance supply with demand. This is up 215 percent from a previous year. The market clearing price of regulation soared to $47192 per megawatt during a cold snap in late January, compared to an average $139 per Megawatt for the month.

PJM launched market reforms last year to make the balancing services more efficient and cheaper, but according to its external market monitor, more work needs to be done.

The goal of PJM's design for the regulation market should be to reduce the cost associated with regulation. Monitoring Analytics LLC's report from May stated that the new design as implemented does not achieve this goal.

Monitoring Analytics said that "while the new'market design' corrected a number issues with the previous design, there are new issues in the new design."

According to the watchdog, PJM's calculation overestimates costs for providing regulation services because it assumes that power plants will have to give up more electricity than they do. This can cause compensation to appear higher than necessary and drive regulation market prices up.

In April, PJM said that its updated methodology better reflects what revenue generators sacrifice when they reserve grid capacity. This is because it takes into account their operating constraints as well as their energy production schedules.

Prior to the PJM reforms about 14% (of regulation-market payments) was tied to compensating Generators for revenue that they could have earned if they hadn't provided grid balancing services. According to the grid operator, this fell to less that 2% after the change. (Reporting by Tim McLaughlin, Editing by Aurora Ellis and Tim Gardner.

(source: Reuters)