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If Trump's trade war escalates, Canada may restrict its oil exports.

Jonathan Wilkinson, Canada's Energy Minister, said that if the trade dispute escalates with the U.S. further, Canada may take non-tariff steps such as limiting its oil exports or levying duties on exports.

"When we talk about non-tariff reprisal, it can be about restricting the supply or putting our export duties on products. Wilkinson told a reporter that it could go beyond energy and minerals.

He also suggested that non-tariff measures could be used on minerals of critical importance, forcing the U.S. even more to depend on China.

He said, "Everything's on the table."

Canada is the largest supplier of oil imported to the United States. It provides around 4 million barrels a day, mainly to Midwest refineries that are designed to run the Canadian grades.

Alberta, the province that produces most of Canada's crude oil, would resist any attempts to limit exports.

"It is not on the table." "Zero," said Alberta Premier Danielle Smith at the CERAWeek Conference in Houston, Texas on Wednesday.

Alberta owns most of the oil and natural gas that is exported to the United States. She said that they would never do this to their friends or allies.

Smith continued, "the temperature has cooled a little, the trade war has de-escalated."

The increased tariffs by President Donald Trump on imports of steel and aluminum went into effect on Wednesday. They now amount to 25%, as the exemptions have ended. Canada announced 25% retaliatory duties on these metals, along with computers and sports equipment worth $20 billion.

Canada has already imposed a tariff of a similar value on U.S. products in response to Trump's broader tariffs.

Canada has limited options for sending oil to other markets, so any restrictions on Canada's oil imports from the United States will hurt Canadian producers.

Wilkinson stated that the Trans Mountain pipeline, as well as rail, could be used to transport some Canadian oil.

He added, "I don't believe the threat to Canada’s oil producers is as great as it might be in other sectors."

Greg Ebel CEO of Canadian pipeline operator Enbridge said that restricting oil exports into the United States was "an unwise decision".

Wilkinson said that Canada may impose tariffs on U.S. Ethanol as part of the second tranche of trade sanctions if Trump escalates the trade war.

Wilkinson stated that U.S. Ethanol, an important trade product for U.S. Farmers, would be "absolutely" included in the list if Trump were to move forward with his plans to impose tariffs of 25% on Canadian goods by April.

Exports of U.S.-made ethanol to Canada have reached record levels in recent months, helping Canada to meet its clean fuel program. Wilkinson stated that it is cheaper than Canadian ethanol due to the subsidies provided by the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard.

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Farmers sent a record 1,54 million gallons (roughly double) of ethanol to Canada last September, roughly twice the amount three years earlier. Reporting by Jarrett Renshaw in Houston and Arathy Sommesekhar; Editing and proofreading by Nia and Lincoln Feast

(source: Reuters)