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Maguire: Nuclear growth allows South Korea to reduce coal and LNG imports

South Korea's record nuclear power production has helped it cut its imports of thermal coke and LNG by more than a year so far in 2025. This could be a blueprint for other nations that are looking to reduce their reliance on fossil-fuel imports.

Since September last year, nuclear reactors have produced more electricity than South Korea’s coal- and natural gasfired plants. This has helped South Korea's utilities to make significant cuts in fossil fuel purchases and usage so far in 2025.

South Korea was historically a top four importer of coal and LNG. However, in the first quarter 2025, it reduced the combined imports by 20 percent from 2024. This is due to a greater domestic nuclear production.

Continued high nuclear production could lead to further reductions in South Korea's imports of fossil fuels and demonstrate the effectiveness a nuclear fleet has at replacing expensive and highly polluting fuels for power production.

NUCLEAR GROWTH

According to Ember data, South Korea's nuclear fleet produced a record 17,9 terawatt-hours of electricity in January. This is 20% more electricity than the same month of 2024, and accounts for almost 35% of South Korea's electricity.

The South Korean nuclear power supply has steadily increased due to a sustained effort to improve the efficiency of the country's reactors. This is in conjunction with the launch of the Shin Hanul-2 in early 2024.

Ember data show that between 2019 and 2024 the total electricity generated by South Korea's nuclei plants increased by 29%. This is from 146 Terawatt Hours (TWh), to 189 TWh.

The rapid increase in clean electricity allowed utilities to reduce the coal-fired electricity output by 26 percent and yet still raise overall electricity supply by 6 percent during this same period.

The supply of natural gas-fired power increased by 17% between 2019 and 2024. Last year, it overtook coal-fired power for the first time.

In 2024, nuclear power will surpass coal and gas plants in South Korea for the first ever time. This will cement its position as the primary energy source of the country.

With four more reactors currently under construction, the importance of nuclear power in South Korea is set to continue growing.

Import Impact

Kpler, a ship tracking firm, has revealed that South Korea will be the third largest LNG importer in 2024 and fourth biggest thermal coal importer.

South Korea's thermal coal imports fell 23% in the first quarter 2025 compared to the same quarter last year, while LNG imports dropped 16%.

South Korea imported thermal coal in total of just under 14 million metric tonnes from January to March. This is 4 million tons lower than the same period last year.

The first quarter 2025 saw South Korea import 10.6 million tonnes of LNG, nearly 2 million less than the first quarter 2024.

Both commodities' first-quarter import totals were the lowest they have been in at least 8 years. This could indicate a major shift in the fossil fuel flow across Asia, if it continues through the remainder of the year.

The impact of South Korea’s decline in fossil fuel imports could be felt by a wider range of nations, particularly those considering nuclear energy to increase their overall energy supply and reduce their reliance on foreign fuels.

South Korea's utilities showed that with the right funding and support, it is possible to improve the efficiency and output of the existing fleet and add new reactors in order to increase overall electricity production.

This higher nuclear base will allow us to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels imported from abroad, and create a more independent, cleaner, and self-sufficient power system, which can expand electricity supply in accordance with the domestic demand. These are the opinions of the author who is a market analyst at.

(source: Reuters)