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Maguire: Malaysia's coal binge reveals what other nations are doing to take advantage of the LNG boom.

Not only the U.S.A., Qatar, and Australia are fighting for a piece of the lucrative market for LNG exports. Malaysia also wants to get a piece of the lucrative LNG export market and is upgrading its own power-generation system.

Data from Kpler & Ember show that Malaysia has increased its thermal coal imports to record levels and coal-fired power generation to new highs.

Malaysia, the 11th largest producer of natural gas in the world, can now export gas in the form liquefied gas and earn valuable trade revenue.

The coal-to-gas conversion comes with a price, since the country must import the majority of its coal. This has led to a spike in emissions in the power sector, which is the highest ever recorded this year.

The coal boom can be justified by the fact the country earns roughly twice as much from LNG exports than it does on coal imports.

Malaysia's LNG-export drive is likely to continue on economic grounds, even though additional LNG volumes that the country wants to sell could add to the already oversupplied markets of the world in the future.

Import BOOM

Malaysia imports between 30 and 35 million tons of thermal coal each year according to Kpler's data. The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that Malaysia produces 3 to 4 million metric tonnes per year.

According to data from customs, coal imports, primarily from Indonesian neighbours cost between $5 and $6 billion per year.

According to Ember, the burning of this coal - which produces roughly half of Malaysian electricity - results in around 72 million tonnes of CO2 emissions every year.

Malaysia was able to reduce the share of natural gas in its electricity production by systematically increasing coal's contribution from less than 10% at the beginning of this century.

Ember data show that natural gas accounted for around 80% in early 2000s of Malaysia's electrical supply, but this has dropped to around 30% in 2025.

GAS FREEDOM (SELLING)

Malaysia has been able to increase its gas exports due to a reduction in the use of gas at home. The country realized this was a lucrative revenue source decades ago.

Malaysia has been consistently among the top five LNG suppliers since the early 2000s.

Malaysian energy companies relied on gas as the main source of electricity in the country and also one of its most profitable exports until about a decade back.

Since then, the authorities have been working to slow down the growth in domestic gas usage for power generation, so that more could be diverted into LNG export hubs, and then onto highly-paying markets like Japan and South Korea.

Malaysia's decision on gas conservation was largely driven by the fact that Malaysia's domestic gas reserves are at their peak and will soon be in terminal decline.

According to Energy Institute data, Malaysia's proven natural gas reserves were around 1.15 trillion cubic metres around 20 years ago. However, they were last estimated around 910 billion cubic meter.

Money Matters

According to company filings, Malaysian national oil and natural gas company Petronas is committed to increasing LNG export volumes and has plans to build a third floating LNG facility by 2027.

Although the exact terms of the LNG export deal are not disclosed, estimates from the industry place the country's annual LNG export earnings at approximately $12 billion.

The economic case for continuing to export LNG in the long-term seems strong. These export revenues are about twice as much as it costs to import coal.

Malaysia imports LNG when prices are right and power requirements dictate.

Malaysia has agreed to purchase U.S. LNG in trade talks that aim to avoid U.S. tariffs for Malaysian exports.

Malaysia is expected to continue being a net LNG exporter for some time.

Due to its proximity to Asian buyers, compared to Australia and the U.S., the planned growth of LNG exports may cause rivals to rethink their plans to increase sales profitably in the future.

These are the opinions of the columnist, an author for.

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(source: Reuters)