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Why is Bab el-Mandeb Strait important?

The Houthis, backed by Iran, are trying to take control of the entire Yemeni Red Sea Coast. This would give them more leverage?over Bab el-Mandeb Strait - one of the most contested and busy global?maritime chokes.

The militant group already declared a blockade of Saudi Arabia, which is the largest oil exporter in the world. Houthi control over the Bab El-Mandeb would further isolate Gulf oil producers from their main shipping routes.

WHERE IS BAB EL-MANDEB?

The strait, also known as the "Gate of Tears" for its treacherous navigation conditions, is situated at the southernmost end of the Red Sea between Yemen and Djibouti on the Arabian Peninsula.

It is located on the other side of the peninsula from the Strait of Hormuz which was a major focal point during the U.S. - Iran war.

At its narrowest, the waterway measures 18 miles (29 kilometers) in width. This limits traffic to only two channels, one for inbound and another for outbound shipments. The channel is divided by Perim, an island in Yemen (also known as Mayyun in Arabic).

The Hanish Islands are located to the north, between the port cities Hodeidah & Mocha. This gives whoever controls these islands a commanding view of approaching vessels. Hodeidah is controlled by the Houthis, who have used it as a base to launch a broader campaign against Red Sea shipping.

The militant group is pushing southward, seizing Mocha - the historic port town?widely considered as the birthplace for the global coffee industry. Dhubab is a city located directly along the Strait, making it an important prize in the Houthis southward advance. To control the Strait, it is important to control Dhubab island and Perim.

WHICH SHIPMENTS PASS THROUGH BAB EL-MANDEB?

The Suez Canal is the most important route for shipping goods and commodities from Asia to Europe. The Suez-Mediterranean Pipeline on Egypt's Red Sea Coast, and commodities headed for Asia including Russian oil, are also transported through the strait.

The Suez Canal is the southern gateway to the Suez Canal. This means that ships from the south must go through this?gateway' to get to the canal.

The disruption of shipping in the Strait of Gibraltar forces vessels to reroute their voyage around the Cape of Good Hope, in southern Africa. This adds weeks to the journey and costs significant amounts of money.

What would HOUTHI CONTROL mean?

Even a?partial disruption? of the strait proved to be devastating. In late 2023 the Houthis began a sustained attack on ships in the southern Red Sea, including the Bab el-Mandeb. They claimed that this was in solidarity with Palestinians living in Gaza at the time of the Hamas-Israel conflict.

The effects were immediate and widespread. BP and Frontline, as well as major oil companies and shipping firms such Hapag-Lloyd and MSC, rerouted their vessels to circumnavigate the African continent, instead of the Suez Canal.

Freight prices?increased and journey times?lengthened considerably.

If the Houthis were to impose a stranglehold on the waterway, it could give their Iranian sponsor a crucial advantage in the war against the United States. The United States has already seen an abrupt reduction in energy shipments via the Strait of Hormuz which sent oil prices skyrocketing.

Kpler data shows that the total petroleum volume transiting Bab el-Mandeb amounted at about 7% of world oil production in June.

(source: Reuters)