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Maguire: Asia is the leader in energy transition by 2025, compared to Europe and US

Although the year is young, Asia has already established a significant lead in energy transition over several European and American countries in 2025.

According to data from the energy think tank Ember, large Asian nations such as China, India and South Korea, and Japan, will reduce fossil fuel consumption and increase clean power production more than other international countries by early 2025.

While most of Asia has reduced the use of fossil fuels for electricity production from January 2024 to the same month, the U.S.

Asian nations increased clean power production more than the majority of Europe's leading economies. This trend is important and could have a significant impact on annual emissions reduction efforts, if it continues for an entire year.

Early Progress

South Korea is the leader in terms of fossil fuel electricity production reductions. In January 2024, it was 15% less than in January 2019. Nuclear power production records have allowed utilities in South Korea to reduce their coal and gas usage.

In January, when power demand in Asia is at its highest, Vietnam, China and India, as well as Asia, made cuts in fossil fuel generation.

India ranked first among the clean energy boosters, with a 26% increase in clean electricity production in January compared to January 2024. Solar, nuclear and bioenergy plant outputs nearing records helped India reach its clean power goal.

In early 2025, several other Asian nations also showed strong clean energy generation momentum. China, South Korea and Japan, as well as Asia in general, all saw clean electricity production increase by 16% or more year-on-year in January.

Slow Start

Climate trackers are less impressed by the trends of generation in Europe and America, despite the fact that Asian nations have made clear progress towards their energy transition goals.

The combination of a weak wind output in Europe and a strong growth in electricity demand in North America have led to heightened utility usage of fossil fuels in both continents in this year.

In January, power producers in Europe increased their fossil fuel-fired electric production by 5% compared to the same month last year. The Netherlands and Poland were the only countries that saw even greater increases.

The reduction of clean energy generation, especially wind farms, was the major factor behind this higher gas and coal burn rate.

The cumulative wind power generation in Europe between January and February 2024 was 16% lower than the same period in 2019.

This clean power shortage forced utilities in the region to increase output of natural gas and coal, which has resulted in a backslide in energy transition momentum this year.

The United States has seen a strong increase in the overall consumption of electricity, which has prompted utilities to boost output across all assets.

The U.S. clean energy production in January and February of 2024 was up by 6%, mainly due to increased solar generation capacity.

The U.S. utilities also increased their output of fossil fuels. For example, coal-fired electric production in the first two months 2025 was up 20% compared to the same period 2024.

The U.S. Natural Gas-fired production was down around 1% since the beginning of 2024. This is primarily due to an increase in natural gas prices, which are up around 80% compared to last year's levels.

The continued rise in gas prices in the United States is likely to continue the use of coal to generate electricity, despite its higher emissions.

Ember data indicates that U.S. energy firms produce around 950,000 tons of CO2 from coal plants per unit electricity, and about 540,000 tons from gas plants per unit electricity.

The peak period for air conditioners that consume a lot of energy in the U.S. is still ahead.

Winter is the most popular time for electricity in Europe. The arrival of spring will reduce the overall demand and allow utilities to use less fossil fuel.

Wind is Europe's largest source of clean energy after nuclear and hydro. However, due to the low wind output seen this year, utilities may be forced to increase coal and gas output for longer.

This fossil-heavy dependence contrasts with the power generation trends in Asia where coal and gas plants are used at their lowest levels every year during springtime.

If this trend continues, and Europe and the U.S. maintain their current levels of fossil fuel use, Asia's current gap could be widened in terms of its energy transition progress. It could also cement its position as the global leader of clean power momentum.

These are the opinions of the author who is a market analyst at.

(source: Reuters)