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China shows Pacific nations its coast guard capabilities, and moves towards patrolling the high seas

Pacific Islands officials have said that China has taken further steps to board fishing boats on the high seas for the first times in the Pacific. This could cause tensions with Taiwanese and U.S. Coast Guard ships who ply this region.

Last week, the Chinese Coast Guard showed Pacific Island Ministers the capabilities of its largest ship, which is used to enforce maritime laws in the Taiwan Strait. According to documents and interviews conducted with Pacific fisheries officials, the Chinese Coast Guard is also actively engaged in discussions on high seas boarding rules.

Fisheries officials predicted that China would soon begin patrols within a "crowded space" for fisheries surveillance.

In an interview, Allan Rahari said, "Hosting the leaders and demonstrating their capability in terms of maritime operation are all indications that they want to enter this space."

The agency enforces against illegal fishing in 18 Pacific Island Countries, assisted by patrols of the Australian, United States, France, and New Zealand air and navy forces.

Chinese and Taiwanese fishing boats are the largest in the Pacific. They also receive the most violations notices from inspectors.

Rahari stated that security agreements with these countries could include Chinese coast guard patrols of coastal waters.

China registered 26 coastguard vessels with the Western & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission in 2024. These vessels will be used for high seas boardings and inspections.

Rhea Moss Christian, executive director of the WCPFC, said that although China has not notified them about any inspections they have conducted, Chinese officials are actively involved in the debate on rules for boardings.

She said that China called for the review of guidelines last year, and in march, Chinese officials participated in a video conference about an Australian effort to strengthen voluntary regulations.

Before boarding, WCPFC inspectors on international waters must obtain permission from the flag state of the vessel suspected before they can conduct any inspection.

Rahari warned that it would be "very complex" diplomatically for a Chinese coastguard vessel to attempt to board a Taiwanese fisherman's boat. Beijing does not recognize Taiwan as a country. Chinese officials as well as the Chinese Coast Guard have not responded to comments. Australia refused to comment while Taiwan and U.S. Coast Guard declined to respond to requests for comments.

SHIP TOUR

Haixun 06 is a ship that can travel up to 18500 km (11,470 miles or 10,050 nautical miles), or for 60 days, without resupply, and was toured by 10 foreign ministers of Pacific Island nations.

Justin Tkatchenko, Papua New Guinea's (PNG) Foreign Minister, said that 10 Pacific Island Ministers had seen the Chinese Coast Guard demonstrate a maritime drill but were told that they did not talk about Pacific patrols.

PNG is currently negotiating with Australia a new defence agreement. It also struck a security deal in 2023 with the United States, allowing them to patrol PNG’s exclusive economic zone of 2.7 million square kilometers.

Fiji announced that it approved a new maritime agreement with Australia in the past week.

The government broadcaster of Nauru posted photos on social media from the Haixun 06 exercise, saying that it "reaffirmed" the importance of maritime co-operation between China and Pacific Island Nations. According to a December security agreement, Nauru is required to notify Australia prior the arrival of the Chinese navy.

The U.S. Coast Guard signed maritime law enforcement agreements last year with 12 Pacific Island Nations, allowing them to enter their exclusive economic zones. They also increased their patrols.

Rahari stated that "the key consideration for China is to enter that space without stepping onto other partners' toes because this will create conflict within the region, and that is what we do not want."

As reported previously, the first U.S. Coast Guard Patrol in Vanuatu waters in 2024 saw local officials board several Chinese fisherman boats, finding violations, which Beijing criticized.

WCPFC data show that since 2008, Chinese vessels have been issued 158 violations, or 46%, by inspectors from the U.S.A., France, and Australia. Taiwanese boats fishing were given 233 violations. (Reporting from Sydney by Kirstyn Needham; Additional reporting in Beijing by Liz Lee, Xiuhao chen and Ben Blanchard; Editing done by Raju Gopalakrishnan).

(source: Reuters)