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Maguire: A refresher on Russia’s commodities clout before Trump talks

The talks between U.S. president Donald Trump and Russian president Vladimir Putin could be the beginning of Russia's return to the world stage, and the return of its commodities after Moscow was recently isolated internationally.

Before its invasion of Ukraine, in 2022 Russia was the leading exporter and supplier of energy products into Europe. This included crude oil, natural gases, coal, aluminum, nickel, and steel. The sanctions imposed by the West on Moscow in 2022 have caused a major disruption of these commodity flows. Russia's gas exports through pipelines fell by half, and its oil shipments were diverted to new markets.

Here is a breakdown on where Russia stands in terms of production and exports for some of the most traded commodities around the world. This will give you an idea of potential market impact should relations with Russia resume to normal.

GAS CRUNCH

The fallout from Russia's invasion in Ukraine has had the greatest impact on natural gas.

Russia, the second largest gas exporter and producer in the world, has seen its outbound shipments severely cut after sanctions were imposed by Europe and the United States on Moscow in 2022.

Many European nations, including Germany, had secured the majority of their gas supply from Russia. However, they quickly reduced imports by pipeline in an effort to punish Moscow for starting war in the area.

The volume of Russian gas exported via pipeline fell by 38% from the previous year in 2022, and by 30% from 2022 as European buyers replaced those lost gas supplies with imported LNG and other fuels.

Data from the Energy Institute show that in 2024, Russia will export 108.2 billion cubic metres of pipelines, which is 46% less than 201.3 billion cubic metres exported in the year 2021.

In an effort to compensate for the revenue lost from gas pipelines, Russia increased exports of natural gas liquefied.

The Russian LNG export volume has risen by around 12% in the last 12 months and reached a record high of 44,3 billion cubic meters in 2024.

The lack of pipeline connections to other regions led to an increase in Russian gas inventories in 2022. This in turn led to increased gas consumption by industry and power companies and ongoing efforts to improve LNG export capability.

In 2023, the Russian industry cut production in response to a collapse in the export market. Since then, production has risen to 630 billion cubic meters in 2024.

CRUDE DIVERSIONS

Russians are the third largest crude oil producers and exporters in the world. This has had a major impact on the crude oil market.

The Russian crude oil market has also been hit by a decline in production and exports since 2022. However, exports are down more than the production due to increased domestic stocks.

Energy Institute data show that in 2024 the Russian crude oil production was estimated to be 10.75 million barrels per day, down by 4% from 11.2 million bpd produced in 2022.

In 2024, Russian oil exports totaled just over 7,000,000 bpd. This is a drop of 8% compared to the 7,6,000,000 bpd exported by 2022.

The Russian crude oil trade also saw a significant shift in its destinations as traders had to find new homes for their barrels.

Exporters had to find new markets for their oil, just as they did with gas. India, a country that has been a strong supporter of Russian oil traders in the past, is now stepping up its purchases as Europe reduces its oil imports.

Kpler's commodities intelligence firm shows that India's imports from Russia of crude oil have more than doubled between 2022 and the year 2024. They went from 321 millions barrels to 651,000,000 barrels.

Europe's imports from Russia of crude oil dropped 30% between 2022 and 2024. India became the largest market for Russian crude in 2013.

China, the second largest Russian crude oil purchaser, bought 460 millions barrels in 2024. This is an increase of 17% over 2022.

COAL, METALS & MUCH MORE

The war between Russia and Ukraine has also affected the coal markets, since Russia is the world's sixth largest coal producer. It is also the third largest coal exporter.

Due to a large fleet of coal-fired plants in Russia, the production of coal has remained largely constant since 2022. Local power companies have been using additional supplies previously exported.

The total coal production in Russia is expected to be down around 2.3% by 2024 compared to 2022, and exports are down almost 10%.

The competition between Indonesian coal and other producers has squeezed Russian coal off of several international markets. China and India, the two largest coal consumers, have also reduced their demand for coal imports.

The Russian Federation is also the world's leading exporter and producer of key metals such as aluminium, cobalt, nickel and palladium. These are in high demand across a wide range of industrial and technical applications.

Russia is a major producer of diamonds, industrial gases, wheat, barley and other crops. Any rapid resumption of trade between Moscow and international communities will have far-reaching consequences.

Any further deterioration of relations with Moscow after the upcoming meetings could keep Russia's abundant commodities out-of-reach for many buyers. This would result in tightening global markets.

These are the opinions of the columnist, an author for.

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(source: Reuters)