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Maguire: ROI-Mapping America’s mammoth Power Machine

The U.S. energy system is ultimately about geography, despite all the talk of gigawatts and emissions, as well as investments, policies, and investments.

The distribution of power plants, fuel, transmission lines, and new electricity consumers is not uniform across the country. Clusters of power plants, fuel supplies, transmission lines and emerging electricity users are not evenly distributed across the country.

OpenGridWorks.com's map of America's energy assets reveals a system that is in transition. The spread of new technologies is rapid, but the networks that have been built over decades are still being updated.

This is a result of multiple energy systems that overlap. These geographies can explain a wide range of issues, from reliability and power prices to transmission bottlenecks and decarbonization.

COMPLEX BY DESIGNE

As a whole the U.S. energy system looks like an intricate web of lines, nodes, and generator assets that stretch across the continent.

What at first appears chaotic is actually the result of decades of investments aimed at connecting power plants, fuel supplies, transmission networks, and consumers.

The map shows the incredible scale and complexity required to maintain electricity flow every second, every day. It also highlights why modernizing grids has become a central challenge of the energy transformation.

Natural Gas: The Backbone Fuel

Gas plants, pipelines, and production basins are the best way to illustrate the size of the current energy system. Natural gas is still deeply embedded in power generation, even with the rapid expansion of renewables. It provides a large portion of the dispatchable electricity needed to balance supply and demand.

COAL: The Legacy Fleet

The coal industry has declined, but the impact of the fuel is still visible in the industrial Midwest, Appalachia, and the Southeast.

These historical decisions continue shaping regional power systems, even though coal's importance is steadily declining.

The New Growth Engine: SOLAR AND STORAGE

Solar power is concentrated in the Sun Belt. This includes California, Texas and the Southwest where there are abundant sunspots.

Battery storage systems are increasingly being used in conjunction with solar projects. This allows excess generation during the day to be stored, and then dispatched at night. This pattern shows that the industry has evolved from simply generating electricity to managing it 24/7.

WIND POWER :?Follow the resource

The wind farms are located in Texas, Oklahoma Kansas, Iowa, and the neighboring Plains States. The region is America's renewable energy powerhouse because of its strong and consistent wind, large open spaces, and low land costs.

Transmission is also important, since many of the best wind resources are located far away from the major population centers.

HYDRO POWER : A NATURAL ADVANTAGE

Hydropower is concentrated in areas where the geography allows, notably in the Pacific Northwest and western mountain states. Hydropower cannot be installed anywhere, unlike solar or gas.

The map highlights the importance of pumped storage facilities. These are among the most efficient and largest forms of grid scale energy storage.

Built Near Demand: Nuclear Power

The existing American nuclear fleet is largely concentrated in the eastern part of the country. During the second half 20th century, most reactors were constructed near large population centers and industrial areas.

A relatively small number facilities still provide a large share of the nation’s carbon-free electric power.

TRANSMISSION: A CRITICAL NETWORK

A vast transmission network links generators and consumers.

The map of the national grid reveals how complex the infrastructure is to keep electricity flowing in a continent's-sized economy. Access to the grid is essential for any additions to the power system.

The Shortage of Electricity Highways in America

Only a small portion of the nation's transmission infrastructure consists of ultra high-voltage lines that can transport large amounts of power over long distances.

Transmission expansion is a major obstacle to the deployment of new energy sources because it has a limited footprint.

EV CHARGING: ELECTRIFICATION EXPANDS

The map of the EV charging network shows how electricity is becoming more prevalent in transportation. The stations are clustered around major metropolitan areas and interstate roads, reflecting the?highest EV ownership.

While the network's scope is expanding, there are still significant regional gaps.

DATA CENTERS - A NEW FRONTIER OF DEMAND

Data centers are one of the fastest growing sources of electricity consumption.

The clusters that surrounded Northern Virginia have now been joined by hubs in Texas and the Midwest. These facilities create new demand centers which increasingly influence utility planning decisions and power investment.

The maps together show that the next phase of America's energy transformation is not just about building more generators.

The country is dotted with wind farms, solar arrays in the Sun Belt, water-based hydropower stations, nuclear reactors that serve demand centers, and natural gas pipelines running through almost every region.

Data centers and electric vehicles (EVs) are creating new demand sources that were barely noticed a decade ago.

The challenge facing the United States does not lie in replacing one energy map by another. It's about stitching a new energy economy on top of an old one. This will ensure that power can be produced, transported, stored, and delivered in an increasingly complex landscape.

These are the opinions of the columnist, who is also an author. This column is great! Check out Open Interest, your new essential source for global financial commentary. Follow ROI on LinkedIn, X and X. Listen to the Morning Bid podcast daily on Apple, Spotify or the app. Subscribe to the Morning Bid podcast and hear journalists discussing the latest news in finance and markets 7 days a weeks.

(source: Reuters)