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Biya is set to serve his eighth term in Cameroon despite calls for him to step down.

Paul Biya announced his bid for an eight-term in July. He said that he heeded "numerous, insistent" requests to remain in office. However, this year's elections have also seen a number of striking calls for him to step down.

The first was Catholic Archbishop Samuel Kleda who, on French radio at Christmas last year, said that it wasn't "realistic" for Biya continue in his job.

Two cabinet members, from Cameroon’s northern regions with a high voter turnout, openly questioned Biya’s leadership ability.

Brenda Biya (27), the daughter of the president, stated on TikTok that her father had "made too many people suffer". She urged Cameroonians, therefore, to vote him out.

The post has been widely circulated among Biya detractors.

The world's oldest leader of state, despite these criticisms and a number of economic and security challenges, stands a good chance of winning when the country that produces cocoa and oil in Central Africa goes to polls on 12 October.

Analysts claim that he has been supported by factors which have kept him in power for over four decades. These include a patronage system entrenched, flawed electoral institutions and a loyal military.

"The President has been able to enforce loyalty towards him and to the system... "Very few people within the system are willing" to challenge him. Arrey Ntui is a senior analyst at International Crisis Group.

"When it's about the president, independent thinking is gone." It's just a single-line story. The president is in office, he can run again. That's all.

Health Fears Overshadow Campaign

Since he took over the presidency in 1982, he has maintained a tight hold on power. He replaced his former mentor Ahmadou Ahidjo who he forced into exile.

He was able to survive a coup in 1984, and the first multi-party election in 1992 when he only won 3 points over the second-place candidate.

Biya signed in 2008 a constitutional change that removed the two-term limitation for the presidency.

In 2011, he won by large margins, and in 2018, he did the same. He dismissed his opponents' claims of intimidation and ballot stuffing.

Biya could face a major obstacle in his health this time, as it has been for years. Last year, he was absent from the public eye for 42 days.

Last year, the government banned the public discussion on the subject.

Cameroonians are still struggling to access basic services, from water and roads to electricity and waste management.

DOUBTS RAISED ABOUT THE FAIRNESS OF VOTES

The ability of his government to influence the outcome of the elections could offset these vulnerabilities.

A court declared ineligible in July the candidature of Maurice Kamto - Biya's main opponent who came second in 2018 - stating that the party he was registered to represent already supported another candidate.

Human Rights Watch stated that the move "raises concern about the credibility of electoral processes."

Kamto, who had denounced the results of the 2018 elections as fraudulent, was arrested by security forces in January 2019, after leading protests that were dispersed using live bullets.

He was charged with insurrection before a military tribunal, which according to his lawyers could have resulted in the death penalty. However, he was freed in October 2019.

The threat or actual arrest of an opposition member has been used to keep them weak for a long time. Officials in Cameroon claim they are only enforcing laws.

Raoul Sumo Tayo is a senior researcher at the Institute for Security Studies in Pretoria. He says that the fear of being sued for speaking up goes beyond the political classes.

"When you get into a taxi in Cameroon you never know who the driver is." He said that people are afraid to talk because of the perception that intelligence agents are everywhere.

The regime is empowered by the fact that many people in Cameroon want to see their kids grow. Reporting by Robbie Corey Boulet in Dakar, and Amindeh Atabong in Yaounde

(source: Reuters)