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US sanctions still hit Serbian oil company NIS operations despite waivers

Sources familiar with the situation say that Serbian oil company NIS struggles to find oil traders overseas, and its former clients in Serbia are looking for alternative fuel suppliers because of the impact of U.S. sanctions on operations.

NIS is owned by Gazprom Neft, a subsidiary of Gazprom, and is therefore one of Russia's remaining oil assets in Europe. The only oil refinery in the Balkan nation is vital to Serbia's energy safety.

NIS's dominant position on the Serbian market, combined with the logistical challenges of the landlocked nation, makes it difficult for other companies.

NIS is the supplier of around 80% or more of Serbian gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, as well as 90% of heavy fuel oil and jet fuel, according to a trader.

The company's recent struggles are a warning of what could happen if U.S. Sanctions take effect. President Aleksandar Vucic has warned that Serbia may lose its access to oil imports.

On January 10, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury designated NIS AD Novi Sad as a sanctioned organization. It gave Gazprom Neft a 45-day deadline to withdraw its investment. This deadline was then extended by 30 days in two consecutive waivers.

NIS, which normally buys crude oil in long-term agreements, has cancelled its tender for 2025, according to the site of its procurement.

Two sources said that it is making short-term purchases on the spot market, from international trading companies still willing to work with it. The crude changes in NIS's procurement have never been reported before.

NIS stated that it had recently closed a successful deal to purchase oil according to the waiver and that they were sourcing crude from a number of suppliers. It didn't give any details.

The company said that it was adapting to new circumstances.

According to Kpler, the global provider of real-time data analytics and data, NIS has imported around 28,000 barrels of crude oil per day via Croatia's Omisalj Port. This is where 80% the company's supply comes via the Janaf Pipeline.

This compares to 40,000 bpd by 2024 and 70,000 in 2023.

Fuel suppliers OMV from Austria and Greek-owned Eko import key transport fuels to their Serbian retail network instead of buying them from NIS. This move was not previously reported.

OMV imports fuels from other European refineries on barges along the Danube River, according to its statement. Meanwhile, Eko supplies products from Greece, said a company official who asked not to be identified.

The U.S. sanctions have caused both companies to suspend fuel purchases from NIS, they stated.

One Serbian fuel dealer said that imports would not be able to meet Serbia's demand for diesel and gasoline, which is between 44,000 and 49,000 bpd, due to the limited infrastructure and capacity of barges, trucks and railcars.

NIS said it was "prepared" to fulfill its contractual obligations with clients, such as corporate buyers and major purchasers like other oil companies. It also stated that the Pancevo oil refining plant was running normally. Reporting by Robert Harvey from London and Aleksandar Vasovic from Belgrade. Ahmad Ghaddar contributed additional reporting. Dmitry Zhdannikov, Mark Potter and Mark Potter (Editing)

(source: Reuters)