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Drones, AI, and white paint: Europe races against the heat to protect its infrastructure

White paint is a simple, yet effective, solution to the aging infrastructure of Europe's railways, which are buckling under record temperatures, melting roads and straining power grids. Drones, AI-powered sensors and AI-powered sensors, to name a few, have been used to inspect tracks.

Workers at the Oslo Airport in Norway sprayed water on the tarmac to 'keep it cool'. The temperature was expected to reach 30 degrees Celsius, 10 degrees above the normal average for this time of the year.

The country is adjusting to the rising temperatures in Europe, which are fueling wildfires and killing thousands. Infrastructure is also under increasing pressure.

Jorn Arvid remark, an operating engineer for Norwegian airport operator Avinor said that the asphalt in Norway must be able to withstand extreme cold temperatures as well as moderately warm temperatures. The airport is currently testing a heat-resistant asphalt.

The fire brigade sprays 9,000 litres on the runway's key areas, as the surface can be damaged by high temperatures and softening under the weight of planes.

Many of Europe's roads, and rails, which were built decades ago, are struggling to keep up. Climate Monitor reports that temperatures in Western Europe were 5.5 C higher than average on Wednesday.

Chris Dodwell is the co-head at Impax Asset Management's sustainability centre. He said that our infrastructure was not prepared for extreme weather events.

In a report from 2025, leading central banks predicted that extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods could reduce the GDP of the euro zone by up to 4.7% by 2030.

HIGHER TEMPERATURES CAN INDUCE MORE FLOODS AND STORMS

Europe's rails have been hit hard.

A report by the EU in April revealed that over 70% of rail managers reported a growing number of disruptions due to?extreme climate. Weather-related disruptions between 2015 and 2024 amounted to one to three years' worth of rail service in the region.

Heat can cause points, signals, and power to fail. Extreme weather caused by high temperatures is a?even greater disruption.

The most important issue for rail networks are not heat waves themselves, but thunderstorms, strong wind and landslides, which often follow them, said Oliviero Baccelli.

As a result, climate-related events have already caused significant disruptions in Italy's railway network, especially on Alpine routes.

Northern European countries, such as Britain, face special challenges due to the fact that their rail infrastructure is designed for a smaller temperature range than southern European networks.

John Lawrence, the chair of IET Railway Technical Network said that many rail components and system were "in essence frozen" in time.

He said it would cost a lot to heatproof an entire network, but operators are exploring new sleeper designs that are more stable and using technologies like AI and drones?to "speed the amount of track which can be monitored and inspected".

Network Rail in Britain has committed to investing? Network Rail has pledged to invest?

Some operators use traditional methods of heat reflection, which are not expensive. Stockholm's Transport Authority spent around 100,000 Swedish Crowns ($10 300) to paint sections of metro tracks white in May and Junie to reduce the risks of track buckleling.

HEATWAVES "MORE INTENSE AND LONGER LASTING"

Martin Wilson, Engineering Director at the French rail equipment manufacturer Alstom said that Europe could "learn from" transport systems like the Riyadh metro and Dubai tram which are designed to run in temperatures over 50C (122F).

He said that heatwaves today are more intense, frequent and lasting longer. "Rising temperatures are a growing challenge to rail systems in Europe."

The pressures on roads are similar.

According to engineers, northern European highways were designed to resist damage caused by freeze-thaw cycles. In contrast, southern countries like Spain use asphalt mixes better suited for prolonged summer heat.

As countries struggle with colder winters as well as hotter summers, finding the right balance is getting harder.

Jose Pablo Saez Villar, of the Spanish Civil Engineers Association said that planners and roadbuilders in northern Europe may need to change their approach.

RATP, the Parisian transport operator, has created a contingency heatwave unit and will be preparing an adaptation plan to climate change by the end this year.

Officials in Norway say that the warmer and wetter climate is changing how infrastructure is designed.

Grethe Vikane is the head of climate and social development at the Norwegian Public Roads Administration.

So they can cope with both the current challenges and the expected consequences of climate change.

(source: Reuters)