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Slovakia, Hungary threaten Ukraine with court fight over blocked oil

Hungary and Slovakia have threatened to take Ukraine to court for blocking materials of oil by Russian manufacturer Lukoil through the Sovietbuilt Druzhba (Relationship) pipeline, the last remaining path for Russian crude to Europe.

The following sets out the relevant realities.

RUSSIA'S REMAINING OIL LINK TO EUROPE

After Moscow's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the European Union (EU), which used to purchase up to a third of its fuel from Russia, enforced sanctions and stopped buying Russian oil.

Nevertheless, it offered 3 member states - Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic - exemptions from sanctions because of their dependence on Russian oil and minimal options.

Russia for that reason continued to deliver some 300,000 barrels per day (bpd) of oil - equal to around 0.3% of international supplies - to eastern Europe by means of the southern leg of Druzhba.

Germany and Poland, which utilized to get oil by means of Druzhba's. northern branch, stopped purchases of Moscow's oil in 2023, and. Russia has considering that rerouted most of those volumes to Asia.

China has ended up being Russia's biggest oil purchaser, receiving some. 2.14 million bpd via various routes.

TRANSIT CONCERNS

The southern Druzhba path links Russian oilfields with. refineries controlled by MOL in Hungary and Slovakia. and PKN Orlen in the Czech Republic.

The pipeline crosses Belarus and Ukraine before branching. into Slovakia and Hungary. It is fed oil by Russia's Transneft,. Belarus' Gomeltransneft, Ukraine's Ukrtransnafta and Slovakia's. Transpetrol.

Transneft and Ukrtransnafta have a transit agreement on. products through Druzhba. Other Russian business, including Lukoil,. are not a party to the deal, though Ukrtransnafta gets. details on who supplies the pipeline.

Exports by means of Druzhba have actually been suspended repeatedly over the. in 2015 because of the complex relationship in between suppliers,. pipeline companies and buyers. In 2022, supplies briefly stopped. after sanctions left Transneft unable to pay transit fees.

Ukrtransnafta raised costs several times during 2022 and. 2023, pointing out the requirement to preserve facilities.

Russian market sources have stated greater costs have actually made the. Druzhba route among the least lucrative.

UKRAINIAN SANCTIONS

Personal oil company Lukoil offers some 50% of the oil shipped. southern Druzhba. Other providers consist of Russian state-owned. Tatneft, Gazprom Neft, private Russneft. and little manufacturers.

In June 2024, Ukraine imposed sanctions on Lukoil, making it. impossible for it to ship through Druzhba.

Ukraine has actually provided little info on the new sanctions. and has actually not said why they target Lukoil rather than other. Russian companies.

MINIMAL ALTERNATIVES

Hungary and Slovakia are land-locked, which restricts their. access to alternative shipments of oil.

Hungary, however, can import oil from the port of Omisalj in. Croatia. Given That April, MOL has actually imported some 500,000 metric lots. of oil each month (120,000 bpd) by means of Croatia.

Slovakia can just import oil through a pipeline connected to. Hungary, which is not big enough to offset lost Russian. oil.

Around 30% of the oil Slovak refiner Slovnaft, owned by MOL,. processed in 2023 was non-Russian, the greatest percentage yet,. according to Slovnaft.

The Czech Republic can import oil by means of the Transalpine (TAL). pipeline connecting Italy's port of Trieste to the IKL pipeline. in Germany's Ingolstadt. It wants to fully switch to non-Russian. materials next year.

Ukraine also depends on Hungary and Slovakia for energy. They send out Kyiv fuel and power that is typically produced from. Russian resources.

Hungary's foreign minister stated today the nation. offered 42% of Ukraine's power imports in June.

(source: Reuters)