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Since the Ukraine War, Russia has been increasing its energy ties to China

China has increased its purchases of Russian gas and oil since the beginning of the conflict in Ukraine 2022. Moscow and Beijing declared a partnership with "no limitations" just days before war broke out. Energy relations between Russia and China are expected to be a major topic at the meeting of Vladimir Putin with Xi Jinping in Beijing, on Wednesday.

Here are some facts about energy ties between the two countries.

Gazprom, the Russian energy giant, supplies natural gas to China through a pipeline of 3,000 km (1,865 miles) called Power of Siberia, under a $400 billion, 30-year deal signed at the end of 2019

Exports will increase by a quarter in 2025 to 38,8 billion cubic metres (bcm), surpassing the planned capacity of 38 bcm.

In September, during Putin's trip to China, the two countries agreed to raise the annual volume of gas on the route from 42 bcm to 44 bcm. China agreed in February 2022 to purchase up to 10 billion cubic meters of gas per year?by the end of 2027, via a pipeline that will connect Sakhalin Island to Russia's Far East. Later, the countries agreed to increase the volumes to 12 billion cubic meters.

Russia's exports of gas to China are still a fraction of its record 177 Bcm delivered to Europe annually in 2018-19.

The share of Russian gas in European Union imports fell during the Ukraine conflict, especially?in terms of pipeline flows. Russia was the EU’s second largest liquefied gas supplier with a share of 16% last year, but the gap between the EU’s main LNG partner - the United States - widened significantly. Russia and China are still in discussions about a new Power of Siberia 2 pipe that can deliver 50 bcm of natural gas to China via Mongolia each year.

Gazprom started a feasibility study for the pipeline in 2020. However, the project is now more urgent as Russia looks to China as its main gas customer. Gazprom CEO Alexei Miller stated in September that both countries had signed a legally binding memorandum on the pipeline. However, a contract has yet to be finalized.

According to TASS, China's Customs data cites that Russia's liquefied gas exports to China increased by 18.2% last year to 9,79 million metric tonnes.

China is the largest purchaser of seaborne gas in the world. After Australia and Qatar, Russia is the third-largest LNG supplier to China.

OIL China is the top client of Moscow for oil shipments by sea and pipelines. The sanctions imposed by the West on Russia for its involvement in the Ukraine war have led to a surge in exports. China's General Administration of Customs reported that China's imports of Russian oil were 2.01 million barrels a day (bpd), or 100.72 millions metric tons, in?2025. This represents a 7.1% decline. This represented 20% of China's total imports by volume.

Yury Ushakov is Putin's aide for foreign policy. He said that Russian oil exports reached 31 million tons in the first quarter 2026.

China is the largest oil consumer in the world. It mainly purchases crude oil from Eastern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean (ESPO), which is exported via the Skovorodino Mohe spur on the 4,070-km (2.540-miles) ESPO pipe. This pipeline connects Russian oilfields with?refineries and ports in China. Transneft, the Russian oil pipeline operator, has announced that it is expanding the ESPO pipe to increase exports through Kozmino. The expansion work should be completed by 2029. China imports oil as well from the Pacific island of Sakhalin in both Sakhalin Blend oil and Sokol oil grades. Since July 2025 when exports were increased to 1 million barrels a day, the 'availability' of ESPO blend oil has remained high. Transneft keeps exports via Kozmino around this level.

The Russian government has agreed to increase its oil exports via Kazakhstan to China by 2.5 million tonnes per year, to 12.5 millions tons. (Reporting and editing by Gus Trompiz, Vladimir Soldatkin)

(source: Reuters)