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South Africa is betting on renewable energy, but the power grid in place is not yet ready

Grid gridlock could stall the renewable energy transition

* Many green energy plants cannot connect to an overloaded grid

* Government plans major grid expansion over next decade

By Kate Bartlett

The President Cyril Ramaphosa launched the latest green energy projects last month. He called it part of a "clean-energy revolution" and a 155 megawatt wind farm located in Mpumalanga Province.

He said that "electricity which is reliable, affordable and becoming increasingly clean is the 'lifeblood' of a growing economic system."

South Africa plans to add 105 Gigawatts to its grid by 2039. This will include nuclear, wind, and solar energy. It is more than double the current capacity.

Experts say that there is a major obstacle: a lack in transmission lines for all this energy. Many green energy projects cannot connect to the grid.

The CEO of Energy Exchange South Africa (a private sector energy trader) wrote in June that "gridlock" was the biggest obstacle to unlocking the renewable potential of the country. It could even cause further economic and electricity crises.

He said that the grid capacity of most areas with high green energy resources has reached saturation. This makes it difficult to provide renewable power to those in need.

The government has said that to fix the problem, thousands of kilometers of power lines will need to be added in the next ten years. This is estimated to cost 400 billion rand (18 billion PS).

EXTENDING GRID

Last week, Kgosientsho RAMOKGOPA, Minister of Electricity and energy, admitted that "we need 14,500 km (9,000 miles)" of transmission lines and that we build on average 200km per year.

Kevin Mileham, spokesperson for South Africa’s second largest political party, Democratic Alliance, was asked why it took so long. He said that part of the delay is due to redtape.

They're considering a partnership model to build this portion of the grid. He said that they have to follow a procedure to appoint these private contractors.

The components required are not produced locally.

He said that many of these items were on backorder. "We will have to wait for two or three years before we get some of this."

Ramokgopa, who was in Beijing to court investment last week, said that six Chinese companies have agreed to establish factories in South Africa for the manufacture of transformers and pylons required to support grid expansion.

China, which is the largest producer of renewable energy in the world, has already invested heavily in South Africa's green sector. A Chinese company supplied the turbines for the new Mpumalanga Wind Farm.

Mileham stated that there was almost no capacity on the grid in the areas where renewable energy is best suited, such as the sunniest parts of the northern Cape, which are ideal for solar, and the Eastern Cape and Western Cape, which are perfect for wind.

He added: "In Mpumalanga and other places, we are able to increase grid capacity as coal plants close." It's not an ideal place to add renewable energy.

Unbundling ESKOM

South Africa has long struggled with power shortages, due to an aging infrastructure and damage. The state-owned power utility Eskom, however, has suffered from mismanagement and financial losses, and has for a very long time been unable to meet the demand.

In 2023, the government began introducing daily power cuts, also known as "load-shedding", to conserve electricity. This was a major blow to the country's economy.

Mileham explained that this is now mostly a thing in the past.

He explained that rooftop solar doesn't require a connection to the grid.

Mileham pointed out, too, that if mining companies built solar power plants next to coal mines "you wouldn't have to transmit this over the transmission infrastructure".

Ramaphosa announced this year that he would break up Eskom to create a separate company to manage the transmission grid.

Mileham says that this is desperately needed because Eskom, as it stands now, is both "player and referee" in the competition for grid access between independent power producers.

Eskom, however, is not backing down. Mteto Ntyati, Eskom's board chairperson, urged the government last week to delay the transfer.

Ramaphosa, however, told industrialists in this week that a "competitive electricity market requires a transmission network that is independent and efficient, capable of providing a fair access to all participants on the market." (Editing by Jonathan Hemming).

(source: Reuters)