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Bousso: Iran's fragile deal with oil offers relief, but there are still risks associated with the Hormuz pipeline.

Energy exporters and buyers will breathe a collective sigh of relief when the U.S. and Iran deal ends months of fighting. The fragile calm could not prevent future flare ups and cast doubt on how quickly or fully the tanker traffic in the crucial waterway will return to normal. Iran and the U.S. announced an agreement late Sunday night to lift the blockade on the Strait of Hormuz. This is where?a fifth of the world's oil and LNG passed before the?war broke out on 28 February. After both sides sign the agreement on Friday, it is expected that the Strait of Hormuz will reopen.

This is good news for the energy markets that are in a crunch, but it leaves open the major disputes which sparked the U.S.-Israeli bombing campaign on Iran, such as the future of Tehran’s nuclear program. This ambiguity leaves room for confusion, disagreements and new confrontations. In fact, tensions are already rising again. Iran's refusal to link any deal with Israel's campaign in Lebanon against Hezbollah has threatened to derail talks. The Iranian-backed militia have exchanged fire repeatedly with Israel including at the weekend. The status of Hormuz is not clear. The deal gives Tehran a powerful tool, even though both the U.S.A. and Iran are committed to lifting the blockade. Iran's willingness to and ability to block the Strait for months has broken a decades-old Taboo. It raises the possibility that Iran could do it again, or just threaten to, whenever it wants to gain leverage over its Gulf neighbors or adversaries. This shift could have long-lasting consequences. Long after the flow of energy resumes, it is likely that shippers and buyers will be more cautious. Already, some significant adaptations have been made. Saudi Arabia has increased its shipments out of Yanbu, a Red Sea port, by a factor of three since March. The loadings have tripled to around 4.5 millions barrels per day. This is roughly 60% more than pre-war. United Arab Emirates have also increased exports out of Fujairah outside the Strait.

Even after the reopening of Hormuz, it is unlikely that Riyadh or Abu Dhabi will reverse their shifts in full.

The shipping behaviour may also change. Charterers and tanker owners will likely reduce their time in the Gulf to avoid being stuck if tensions erupt again. This caution will be reinforced by high insurance costs and concerns about security. These factors indicate that transit through Hormuz is unlikely to return to the pre-war level of 20 million barrels per day any time soon. In the months and years to come, a flow of 16 million bpd or more is more likely. This residual risk should help to support prices. Brent crude is now trading below $85 a barrel, down from $118 in March. However, a higher risk premium due to geopolitics and a more complex logistical system will likely prevent the price from fully reverting to its pre-war level of $60s.

The Flood of Relief

Reopening the Hormuz will lead to a multi-phased adjustment of global energy flows. First, the Gulf will be the source of this wave. The first wave of tankers will be those stranded in the Gulf during the blockade. They will start to leave almost immediately, supplying energy-starved countries and markets. Kpler estimates that around 60 million barrels worth of crude oil and refined products remain in floating storage inside the Gulf because they are unable to leave through Hormuz. Then, an influx will follow of vessels headed toward the Gulf in order to reduce the swollen Middle Eastern domestic inventories and resume export programs.

Normalisation of logistics will take some time. Supply chains may take up to 60-90 days to fully rebalance due to port congestion, sailing distances and scheduling bottlenecks. It takes about three weeks to sail from the Middle East into Asia. This means that the return of shipments won't bring immediate relief to the most vulnerable markets.

The impact of the conflict on global oil supplies will still be significant, even if it is not immediate. The regional producers can bring back 11 million bpd in oil production that was shut down during the conflict. They will also be able to reactivate refining capacity and LNG export capability. Some volumes may return in a few weeks, but the full recovery will take longer. It is difficult to restart fields, refineries, and export terminals following prolonged outages. Infrastructure damage caused by the war may take months, or even years, to repair.

A?RESILIENT MARKET BUT STRESSED MARKET

Reopening comes at a time when the balance between supply and demand is strained. The summer in the Northern Hemisphere is usually the time when global fuel consumption peaks, due to increased travel and air conditioning.

The return of Middle East oil will, therefore, initially only slow down the rapid decline in global inventories. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, oil stocks dropped at an average rate of 5.3 millions bpd from March to May.

Remember that the market has been surprisingly resilient during this conflict. The combination of commercial and strategically oriented?stock releases and the surge in U.S. imports, the weaker Chinese demand and the partial relaxation of sanctions against Russian and Iranian crude oil helped to cushion the shock. These measures did not eliminate the economic damage but they kept it manageable, effectively buying time for global economies.

This time was running out fast, as inventories were dangerously low. The U.S. and Iran agreement 'comes at the right time.

The agreement is not a good way to prevent a new confrontation between the U.S. and Iran because it does nothing but cover up the core issues at the core of the conflict.

The message for oil markets is clear: although the acute risks from the supply shock are over, the structural vulnerabilities revealed during the war will remain.

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(source: Reuters)