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The 2025 energy transformation in eight charts: Clean wins and dirty setbacks, Maguire

The year 2025 was a bad one for supporters of energy transition: there were wind droughts in Europe and the United States, corporate retreats away from wind power, and a rise in coal-fired electricity.

There were other developments worth celebrating, such as the record deployment of batteries storage systems and historic shares of power generated by solar farms in dozens countries. Also, electric vehicle sales continued to grow in important car markets.

Eight charts are provided below that show some of the major milestones and developments in global energy transition progress for 2025. They also include key data points to track going into 2026 and beyond.

CHINA'S CLEAN CLOUT GROWING

China is the leader in clean energy production, with more solar, wind, nuclear and bioenergy power deployed than any other nation.

The production of clean electricity is expected to grow for a seventh year in a row. Ember data show that the total output of clean electricity in 2025 has increased 15.4% compared to a year ago. In 2025, clean power sources will account for more than 40% (for the first time) of China's electricity supplied by utilities. Fossil fuels will see their share drop to an all-time low. The primary power source in China is fossil fuels, but clean energy has been growing four times faster since 2019.

Clean power is expected to continue to grow in China as Beijing continues to expand its solar, nuclear, and battery power capacities over the next decade.

According to Ember's customs data, China also makes its mark abroad with record clean-technology exports. These topped $180 billion in the first ten months of 2025.

Batteries storage systems are China's largest clean-tech export with sales of nearly $66 billion, followed by EVs at around $54 billion.

Exports of grid equipment, heating and cooling units and other hardware have also reached record highs by 2025. This cements China's position as the leading supplier for electrification in the world.

U.S. SETBACK

The U.S. clean-energy progress will reverse in 2025, compared to China's. This is because federal support for renewables has been slashed under the second U.S. administration of President Donald Trump.

Tax credits for power developers will be drastically cut in the coming years, resulting in a reduction of clean energy investment and a heavy reliance on fossil fuels.

The main source of electricity in the U.S. is natural gas. But in 2025 coal-fired power plants will deliver the largest jump in production, due to a surge in gas prices which squeezed utility margins.

According to Ember, coal-fired electric output increased by 13% between January and November compared to a year ago, the highest level in three years.

The U.S. power sector's emissions will also increase in 2025, because coal plants emit more CO2 than gas plants. They emit over 900,000. metric tons per terawatt-hour compared to about 550,000 tonnes for gas. Ember data show that total emissions from coal- and gas-fired plants reached 1,526 billion metric tonnes of CO2 between January and November. This is up 3% compared to the same period in the year 2024, and the highest level since 2021.

As U.S. natural-gas prices are expected to be 50% higher in 2025 than they were in 2024, utilities will likely rely more on coal to meet winter demand.

This means that the power sector will continue to pollute even more in 2026 and beyond.

BATTERY BOOM & STEALTHY PROGRESS

U.S. utilities increased coal consumption in 2025 but also installed record-breaking battery storage to store excess solar and wind energy for later use. According to the energy data portal Cleanview, total U.S. battery storage capacity exceeded 39 gigawatts by 2025. This is a 43% rise from 2024.

This surge is changing the power flow in important electricity networks. California and Texas both have enough battery capacity added to their grids during peak demand.

According to Grid Status, the California Independent System Operator (CAISO), which is the main grid of the state and the largest battery user in the country, uses batteries to provide around 15% to 18% of electricity at evening peak demand. This reduces the need for other power sources and gas.

Electric Reliability Council of Texas, a more recent adopter of batteries systems, supplied around 3% of its electricity during peak demand from battery storage system - a modest amount but up from a near zero share just one year ago.

In 2025, solar power systems will also be a major player in the electricity supply of several countries.

Solar power is usually associated with China and the U.S., but the widespread adoption of solar in recent years has allowed both developed and emerging economies to deploy it at scale. In 2025, Bulgaria, Pakistan and Hungary will be able to source around 20% of their electricity through solar farms. This will reduce both emissions and costs.

Solar's share of generation in 2026 will probably set new records for even more countries. This will help keep the global energy transition going even if major economies like the U.S. take a step back.

These are the opinions of the columnist, an author for.

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(source: Reuters)