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US truck manufacturers look for protection as Trump's tariffs increase costs

Tariffs imposed by the Trump administration have increased manufacturing costs in the U.S. trucking industry worth $50 billion. This has led companies to source more components from Mexico, to take advantage of concessions made under the USMCA.

Section 232 (Trade Expansion Act) imposes 50% tariffs on steel, aluminum, and copper derivatives imported by U.S. truck makers. Manufacturers like Bellevue-based Paccar face tariffs for every non-USMCA compliant part that they import.

Daimler Truck, Traton and other rivals that manufacture in Mexico can gain an advantage over those who manufacture in the U.S.

USMCA allows for duty-free trade between the U.S. and Mexico, Canada, and Mexico, as long as certain regional sourcing requirements are met. The pact requires that at least 64% (of the value of a heavy-duty truck) must be sourced in North America. This can include parts such as engines and axles or raw materials like steel, or assembly labor. This threshold will increase to 70% by 2027.

Volvo, a Swedish company, and its subsidiary Mack Trucks, based in Pennsylvania and Virginia, produce their cars for the U.S. domestic market at their respective plants, Dublin and Macungie.

A spokesperson for Volvo North American said that "trucks built in America are actually at a disadvantage today when compared with trucks built in Mexico."

In April, the company increased its planned investment in Mexico by $300 million up to $1 billion to support its U.S. operation.

Bernstein, a brokerage firm, said that tariffs on imported parts put U.S.-built trucks at a cost premium of 3% compared to USMCA compliant models manufactured in Mexico.

Chad Dillard is a senior analyst at Bernstein. He said that companies with a greater manufacturing footprint in the U.S. compared to Mexico face a cost disadvantage. This is the exact opposite of what Trump wants.

ACT Research predicted that production would drop 11% annually in 2026, to 226,600 vehicles. Economic headwinds as well as lower carrier profitability had hit the industry by 2025.

Paccar, a company that sells trucks under Kenworth and Peterbilt, estimates tariff costs of $75 million for the third quarter. The company reported that its brands would hold a market share of 30,4% in the first half 2025.

Daimler had a gross margin of 21,96% in the first quarter, compared to Paccar's 18,69%.

Paccar declined comment on this article. Preston Feight, CEO of Paccar, said that in a recent earnings conference call the company is working with suppliers to increase USMCA certified parts imports. This will reduce long-term tariff exposure.

According to ACT Research, tariffs can add between 2% and 4% to the cost per unit. Daimler's Mexican-built Freightliner Cascadia costs about $165,000, compared to roughly $195,000 of Paccar's Kenworth T680.

The cost of a truck is largely determined by the raw materials, finished components and castings.

Traton of Munich, which operates International Motors, formerly Navistar, for the North American Market, said that the USMCA allows it to qualify for duty-free entry to the U.S.

The Volkswagen-owned company stated in a press release that "this can offer a cost advantage over U.S. manufacturing in cases where U.S. factories rely on imported components, steel or aluminum or those subject to Section 232 tariffs or other additional duties."

Daimler Truck's spokesperson said the company has two USMCA-compliant factories in Mexico that produce a variety of models, including the Freightliner Class 8 Cascadia truck and the medium duty Freightliner truck M2.

According to Mordor Intelligence, the U.S. heavy duty truck market is expected to grow from $51.56 billion to $71.81 billion in 2030.

In April, the U.S. Commerce Department began an investigation under Section 232 to determine whether imports of heavy-duty trucks, and their parts, threaten national security.

Experts said that the probe could result in new tariffs or exclusions, changing the cost dynamics of truck manufacturers, and discouraging overseas production.

(source: Reuters)