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What are the dangers of an LNG tanker exploding?

One source stated that a Qatari LNG tanker was in danger of exploding after it suffered significant damage during an attack on Tuesday on the Omani side of the Strait of Hormuz.

Although the LNG industry has had a few accidents at onshore facilities, a catastrophic LNG cargo tank explosion on a commercial "LNG" carrier has not occurred. The recent targeting of energy-shipping vessels by belligerents during the Ukraine and Iran Wars has however raised concern.

The incident on Tuesday involving the Al Rekayyat tanker is the second instance this year in which an LNG vessel has been caught up in a conflict-related attack. The Russian LNG tanker Arctic Metagaz was hit by Ukrainian drones in March and caught fire. According to the Russian transport ministry, its crew had to abandon the ship.

What is LNG and how does it get stored and transported?

Natural gas that has been chilled to minus 162 degrees Celsius is LNG. The cooling process turns the gas to a liquid, and reduces its volume by 600 times. This makes it easier to ship.

The LNG is kept at extremely low temperature in cryogenic tanks with thick insulation. The LNG is then loaded onto LNG carriers at the export terminals. The LNG carriers have double-hulled ships and cargo tanks that are highly insulated to keep LNG cool throughout the voyage.

During transport, a small amount of LNG vaporizes. Unmanaged boil-off gases can increase the pressure and volume of storage tanks if left unattended. It is captured and used as primary fuel in ship engines.

What are the main risks?

LNG does not burn when it is liquid. However, risks can occur if LNG is leaked, turns into a gas and mixes with air at the right ratio, or reaches an ignition source.

LNG ships reduce this risk by using double-hull constructions, multiple containment systems, gas detection equipment, pressure-relief systems, emergency shutdown systems and firefighting equipment. They also follow strict operating procedures, crew training, and use equipment such as emergency shut-down systems, firefighting systems, and emergency shutdown systems.

Could the QATARI tanker explode?

The 'Al Rekayyat' tanker reported an engine room fire. A source stated that the ship was at risk of explosion, though there were no signs that the LNG tanks had been compromised. The crew was evacuated safely.

Theoretically, any LNG carrier is at risk if damage leads to a large LNG release or the formation of a gas cloud.

Modern?LNG carriers have multiple layers of protective coatings to keep any fire from reaching the cargo tanks. Industry experts also say that a fire in the engine room does not necessarily mean that the tanker is going to 'explode.

Risks would be increased if the fire spread to cargo systems, caused damage to containment tanks, or led a significant LNG spill.

According to a source in the industry, Al Rekayyat is likely to stay as it is as long as there are no further attacks.

(source: Reuters)