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China's major airline companies remain in the red for first half due to low fares and oversupply

The earnings reports of China's largest airlines released on Thursday revealed that the two carriers had narrowed first-half losses, but were still in the red, as a surplus capacity kept fares down. This underscored the fragility and post-pandemic recovery of the industry.

Air China, the country's flagship carrier, reported a net profit of 1.8 billion Yuan ($252million) for the six-month period ending June. This is 35% less than the 2.78 billion Yuan loss a year ago.

China Southern Airlines, based in Guangzhou, recorded a loss 1.5 billion yuan. This is 64% less than a 4.21 billion loss during the same period of 2024.

Carriers have blamed their losses on an imbalance in supply and demand, price-conscious travellers and the competition of China's expanding high-speed rail system. Geopolitical uncertainties and a slow recovery in premium international traffic also hurt revenue.

The summer is usually a time of relief for airlines. Early July marks the start of school holidays, which kicks off a two-month peak sales period. As of August 24, according to Flight Master, the average price for domestic tickets departing in July or August was 788 yuan (about $110), down 3.7% compared to last year, and 10.6% lower than 2019 levels.

Analysts say that yields are still low, despite the fact that international capacity is 93% higher than it was pre-COVID.

Li Hanming is an independent aviation analyst based in the United States. He said that the second half of this year will be challenging for China's major airlines.

Li stated that "the underlying issues are still unresolved." Due to the lack of long-haul flights to North America and Asia, China faces a significant oversupply, and fierce competition, on its domestic and intra-APAC short-haul international flights.

China's three largest carriers are still losing money, and have been for some time. They are the last to benefit from the COVID recovery.

China Eastern Airlines will report its results on Friday. Last month, the Shanghai-based airline issued a profit warning. It forecast a deficit in the first half of between 1.2 and 1.6 billion Yuan as opposed to a loss last year of 2.77 billion Yuan.

In June, the Communist Party anti-corruption watchdog announced that Liu Shaoyong, former chairman of China Eastern, was being investigated for "serious violation". The report did not give any further details.

China Eastern has yet to comment on these allegations.

Liu was the leader of the airline between 2009 and 2022. He was also in charge when the flight MU5735 crashed in March 2022. 132 people were killed. China's aviation regulator is yet to release a final report on the cause of the crash. This has re-opened scrutiny over corporate governance in the sector.

(source: Reuters)