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Trump's trade battle with China in 2025

U.S. president Donald Trump targeted China, the top economic rival with a cascade tariff order on billions in imported goods. The orders were aimed at narrowing an enormous trade deficit, bringing manufacturing back and crippling the trade of fentanyl.

The reverse chronological timeline below shows the U.S. - China trade war in this year.

U.S. trade representative Jamison Greer said that after China announced it would expand its rare earth export controls, the U.S. had reached out to China via phone but Beijing declined. China calls the new U.S. Tariffs hypocritical and defends its export controls.

Trump re-starts the trade war on October 10, imposing additional tariffs of 100% on China’s U.S. bound exports and new export controls by November 1, including "any critical software". This ends an uneasy truce between both countries that was reached in August.

Trump has said that there is no reason for him to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping, but he also did not cancel the meeting. They are expected to meet again in South Korea, on the sidelines the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum later this month.

Trump says that the United States may also impose export controls for Boeing parts in response to China's export restrictions on rare earth minerals.

China has launched an antitrust investigation against U.S. chip manufacturer Qualcomm for its acquisition of Israeli chip designer Autotalks.

China Announces

Port fees

On Oct. 14, the U.S. will begin charging port fees for vessels owned, operated, constructed, or flying the flag of America. This is a response to U.S. charges on ships with ties to China that began on the same date.

October 9 - China expands

Export controls

The government has tightened its control over rare earths by including five additional medium to heavy elements as of Nov. 8 and adding extra scrutiny to semiconductor users.

Grab and dominance

The critical minerals that are key to the energy transformation

Trump Administration Proposals

Ban

Chinese airlines are preventing American airlines from flying above Russia on routes between the United States and China, claiming that the shorter flight times put American carriers at an unfair disadvantage.

Trump hopes to discuss soya beans with Xi, but warns that the U.S. could halt a significant share of its imports from China.

U.S. lawmakers demand a broader ban on chipmaking equipment going to China following a bipartisan report that found Chinese chipmakers purchased $38 billion worth of sophisticated gear in the past year.

Trump's October 1st statement

Soybeans

When he meets Xi, this will be a main topic of conversation. China has drastically reduced U.S. purchases of soybeans, a move Trump has called a negotiating tactic.

Greer said that around 55% of tariffs applied to Chinese imports is a "good state-of-the-art" but the U.S. wanted bilateral trade to be more free. However, she did not indicate any immediate moves towards lowering Trump’s tariffs.

U.S. Treasury Sec. Scott Bessent said aircraft engines, parts and chemicals could be a powerful tool for the United States to use in negotiations with China.

The first time since 2019 that a group of U.S. House of Representatives lawmakers visited China to talk, is on September 21. The group said to Premier Li Qiang that both the largest economies in the world need to "break the ice" and increase engagement.

September 19 - Trump & Xi have a phone call. Trump says they made progress in a TikTok deal and will meet in South Korea in six weeks to discuss illicit drugs, trade and Russia's conflict in Ukraine.

China has said so

Welcome to the new year

Commercial negotiations on TikTok according to market rules.

China announces that it will review TikTok’s technology exports, and its intellectual property licensing. It calls the framework agreement reached "win-win".

15 September - U.S. & China reach a framework deal to transfer TikTok under U.S. control. This decision will be confirmed by Trump and Xi in a phone call later this week.

Bessent states that the Trump administration won't impose tariffs on Chinese products over Russian oil imports, unless European countries first impose tariffs.

September 14 - Bessent, China's Vice Premier He Lifeng and the Spanish government lead a fourth round in Madrid of discussions to discuss trade relations as well as TikTok’s impending divestiture deadline.

Trump and his administration ask the G7, EU, and NATO to put pressure on China to impose tariffs between 50% and 100% in order to stop Russian oil revenues.

U.S. and China extend tariff truce by another 90 days.

August 10 - Trump asks China to quadruple their soybean purchases from the U.S., as the expiration date of the trade truce is approaching on August 12.

U.S. begins issuing licenses to Nvidia for exporting H20 chips to China on August 8.

Bessent is "optimistic", according to Bessent, about the future.

After two days of discussions in Stockholm, U.S. officials and Chinese officials agreed to extend their 90-day truce on tariffs. The talks were described as constructive by both sides, but there was no significant breakthrough.

U.S. Commerce secretary Howard Lutnick announced that Nvidia will resume sales of their advanced AI H20 chip to China in the U.S. rare earths negotiations, reversing an export ban by the U.S. in April.

Trump threatens to impose an additional 10% on countries that he says are aligning themselves with "Anti-American Policies" of BRICS. This includes China.

Bessent reports that the U.S. has resolved its issues with China regarding rare earth minerals, magnets and shipments into the U.S.

On June 11-12, some Chinese rare earths producers will begin receiving export licenses. Trump claims that the trade truce has been re-established.

The U.S.A. and China have a second round of negotiations in London, and they reach an agreement on a framework.

June 5, Xi and Trump have a phone call lasting an hour.

Trump claims that China has violated the Geneva agreement to reduce tariffs and Chinese restrictions on vital minerals exports. China denies the accusation and says that U.S. has introduced a number of "discriminatory restrictive measures" against China.

The U.S. will begin "aggressively," revoking Chinese student visas on May 28-29. The order also instructs a wide range of companies to cease shipping semiconductors, software design and aviation equipment into China.

Beijing and Washington have trade talks in Geneva over the weekend, May 10-12. Both sides issued a joint declaration agreeing to a 90 day pause in tariffs.

Tariffs between the U.S. and China were reduced to 10%, from 125%. China has also agreed to remove non-tariff measures that have been imposed on the United States by China since April 2.

Nvidia reveals that U.S. officials informed them that their H20 chip will require an export license for China.

China raises its levies to 125% on U.S. imports, calling the Trump tariff strategy "a joke". It also said it would ignore any future U.S. "numbers games with tariffs".

China announced that it would immediately limit imports of Hollywood movies on April 10.

China increases levies on U.S. imported goods to 84%. It also added 12 U.S. firms to a list of companies that are prohibited from exporting dual-use products, and six more to the "unreliable entity" list. This allows Beijing to take punitive measures against foreign entities.

The U.S. has increased tariffs on Chinese imports from 84% to 125%. China warns citizens not to travel to the U.S.

April 8: The U.S. increases tariffs on all Chinese imports from 34% to 84%.

April 4: China announces that it will impose retaliatory duties of 34% on U.S. imports starting April 10, and that export restrictions on rare earths will be implemented. About 30 U.S. companies, mostly involved in the defence industry, were subject to restrictions.

Beijing has also suspended shipments of sorghum and poultry and bone meals from certain U.S. companies.

Trump increases global trade friction by imposing "liberation day tariffs" on April 2. He announced a 10% baseline for all imports as well as significantly higher duties against some countries. Trump will impose 34% tariffs on all Chinese products, which will take effect on the 9th of April.

From May 2, the Trump administration will also end duty-free access to low-value shipments of goods from China and Hong Kong (known as "de minimis exemptions").

China retaliates with a 10-15% levied on U.S. agricultural exports. This affects about $21 billion of U.S. imports. Beijing has also placed export and investment restrictions on 25 U.S. companies, citing national security concerns. It also banned the import of genetic sequencers made by U.S. medical device maker Illumina.

March 4 - U.S. increases tariffs by 20% on all Chinese imports due to fentanyl.

China responds to the U.S. companies with a variety of measures, including Google, farmers and Calvin Klein's owner.

Beijing will also begin imposing levies on February 10 of 10% for some autos and crude oil, and 15% for imports of US coal and LNG. Beijing also restricted the exports of five metals that are used in defence, clean-energy and other industries.

Trump imposes a 10% tariff on all goods imported from China, and 25% on those imported from Mexico and Canada to demand that they reduce the flow of illegal immigrants and fentanyl into the U.S.

January 21: A day after taking the oath of office, Trump threatens a 10% punitive tariff on Chinese imports citing the fentanyl coming from China. Reporting by Liz Lee, Shi Bu and Jacqueline Wong; Editing by Ronojoy Mazumdar and Jacqueline Wong

(source: Reuters)