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Why the oil flow through the Iraq-Turkey Pipeline has been stopped

After a nearly two-year halt, crude oil could soon flow again through a pipeline connecting the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq with Turkey.

According to sources, the Trump administration has piled pressure on Iraqi officials to allow Kurdish crude oil exports to resume or face sanctions along with Iran.

The Kurdistan Regional Government and the Federal Government of Iraq have not yet worked out the details needed for a resumption, such as an acceptable payment mechanism to the oil companies.

This is a summary of the dispute over pipelines:

What is the latest?

Iraq's oil minister Hayan Abdel-Ghani said to reporters on Monday, that oil exports will resume from the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region next week.

The announcement was made after the Iraqi Parliament approved on February 2 a budget amendement that set a rate for oil transportation and production costs of $16 per barrel in Kurdistan.

The KRG is also required to transfer its oil production to the State Oil Marketing Organization, a state-run organization.

In a brief statement posted on its website, an association of oil companies in Kurdistan that includes DNO Energy, Gulf Keystone Petroleum, Shamaran Petroleum and Genel Energy welcomed the amendment.

KRG rejected the earlier $7.9 per barrel proposal as being too low.

Safeen Dizayee, the head of the KRG's Department of Foreign Relations, said on Tuesday that no technical or legal issues remained to be resolved in order to resume the flow.

He declined to specify when the pipeline would be reopened.

The Turkish government said that it had not received any information yet from Iraq regarding the resumed oil flow on the Iraq-Turkey pipe.

Why is it important?

While Iraq, OPEC’s second largest oil producer, exports around 85% of its crude oil via ports in southern Europe, the northern route through Turkey accounts for only 0.5% of the global oil supply.

The resolution of a dispute that has lasted for nearly two years could add to oil supply and increase prices.

Baghdad's oil minister stated that Baghdad expects to receive around 300,000 barrels of crude oil per day (bpd).

It is expected that the oil export resume will also ease the economic pressure on the Kurdistan Region, where the stoppage has resulted in salary delays for workers of the public sector and cutbacks to essential services.

What prompted the shutdown?

On March 25, 2023, Turkey stopped pumping approximately 450,000 barrels of oil per day (bpd), including around 370,000 bpd KRG crude via the pipeline.

The flow was stopped after the International Chamber of Commerce ordered Ankara pay Baghdad $1.5 billion for damages incurred by unauthorised exports from 2014 to 2018.

Baghdad claimed that the national company responsible for the marketing of Iraqi oil, SOMO was the only one authorised to handle crude exports through the Turkish port.

The pipeline was shut down by Turkey because the Iraqi federal government gained the right to control loading in Ceyhan.

What is the dispute about?

Iraq filed an arbitration request in 2014 at the Paris-based ICC regarding Turkey's role as a facilitator of oil exports out of Kurdistan, without the consent from the federal government.

Iraq claimed that Turkish trading and pipeline firm BOTAS violated the 1973 Iraq-Turkey Pipeline Agreement by facilitating Kurdish crude oil exports through Ceyhan.

Sources told us that the ICC ruled Iraq had the right to control loadings in Ceyhan, and ordered Turkey pay half of the discount on KRG oil sold.

Iraq received a net award of $1.5 billion, before interest. The initial request was for $33 billion.

A case is currently being arbitrated that covers the period of 2018 and beyond. Reporting by Maha El-Dahan, Ahmed Rasheed, and Nerijus Adomatis; editing by Daniel Flynn

(source: Reuters)