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Grid charges are key to Bangladesh's "merchant" renewable growth

Bangladesh permits business-to-business deals

This allows businesses to increase their renewable share

The key to the viability of this business is network charges

Tahmid Zami Tahmid Zami

Last year, Bangladesh allowed private companies to directly sell electricity to large consumers. The electricity from "merchant power plant" was carried over the grid with users paying charges to the grid and distribution companies.

India has allowed open-access to power purchases for many years, while Pakistan has been working towards a "competitive" bilateral market but has had disputes over the use-of system charges.

The energy regulatory commission of Bangladesh is currently working out the details for its open-access grid, including what charges consumers will have to pay.

Energy analysts say that the viability and affordability of open-access deals for power purchases is partly dependent on the grid charges, and any additional surcharges. These will be crucial to the balance of interests between businesses, households, and farmers.

After the grid charges are finalised and rules have been set, buyers such as ready-made garment producers with targets for greenhouse gas emissions reduction can purchase renewable electricity directly from remote wind or solar power plants.

Mohiuddin Rubel, managing director of Denim Expert Ltd, a garment supplier, says that a mid-sized factory could offset 10% to 15% of its energy demand through rooftop solar. Off-site generation can take this up to 50% or 70%.

Companies can buy renewable energy certificates (RECs) from renewable energy producers. Bangladesh has not yet developed a market for RECs with a large enough supply, according to garment suppliers.

"Merchant Power Plants will allow us the ability to buy electricity directly and reduce the need to purchase renewable energy certificates on the market," stated Mashook Mujib. Sustainability manager at DBL Group.

CHARGES KEY

Shafiqul alam, an energy analyst with the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (a non-profit based in the United States), said that Bangladesh's annual investment into renewable energy has been less than $250 millions a year. This is far below what is required.

He said merchant power generators could be a way to boost renewable investment.

Recent news reports suggest that open access charges may be around 2 U.S.cents per kilowatt hour, in addition to renewable tariffs of about 9 U.S.cents per KWH. Alam said that such charges could increase costs for industrial users and industry's response may be lukewarm.

Officials from the government said that the charges should be balanced to balance the interests and concerns of all parties.

The needs of each party are different: the consumers want affordable and reliable power, the project developers want bankable projects and predictable revenues, and the utilities and grid operators have to maintain and recover the costs of the service.

Experts from India and Pakistan, two countries that border Bangladesh, said they had mixed lessons to teach the country.

Khalid Waleed is a research fellow with Pakistan's Sustainable Development Policy Institute. He said that the costs for using the transmission network and distribution system are slowing down the industry's transition to renewable energy sources off-site.

He said that the experience of Pakistan can be a warning to other countries, such as Bangladesh.

Waleed stated that Pakistan is moving towards a flat rate of 12,55 Pakistani Rupees ($0.045). The industry, however, believes it should be closer at 5.85 rupees (0.045) for each kilowatt hour.

He said that as Pakistani consumers move from grid power to renewable energy, the government is trying to compensate for the revenue lost by adding the old system costs to the?bills.

GROWING DEMAND FOR POWER

India has, on the other hand, developed remote power purchasing arrangements using both open-access long-term deals and short-term power trading.

Indian businesses that purchase power under open-access agreements are also required to pay a subsidy to many farmers and households.

Deepak Krishnan is the deputy director of WRI India's energy programme. He said that if these charges were not recovered from open access consumers who are typically corporate buyers, they would be a heavy burden for poorer consumers.

The energy regulator in Bangladesh must balance competing interests, by fixing charges transparently, so that the utility companies don't lose out and the market doesn't get destroyed, said Krishnan.

Prabhakar Singh, consultant at Indian consultancy outfit JMK Research said that open-access fees should be consistent over a specified period to allow investors to plan their business models.

If the government wants open-access markets for solar and wind for industrial consumers, then there could be waivers to a certain degree," said Sharma.

Shafiqul alam, IEEFA, says that open-access power purchases could be used in Bangladesh to meet the increasing?industrial electricity demands. He added that utilities and policymakers should avoid charging a high rate immediately and instead revisit the issue in three years' time to see if they are losing money.

(source: Reuters)