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Ivory Coast President Ouattara hopes to ride the economic boom into a fourth term

Alassane Ouattara had a long road to become president of the Ivory Coast. It included two elections where he was disqualified and a brutal civil war in 2010-11, sparked by his predecessor refusing to leave office.

Since he assumed the top position in 2011, he has won landslide elections in 2015 and 2020.

The 83-year old former international banker hopes that he can repeat the feat for the third time and possibly the final one when West Africa's largest cocoa producer votes on October 25, 2010.

Ouattara’s supporters claim that his victory at the polls reflects the satisfaction of voters with the strong economic growth since taking office, and the flurry infrastructure projects he has undertaken. These include new roads and interchanges as well as a 300-metre tower which dwarfs the rest of the skyline in the city center.

His critics claim that it is also about restrictions on democratic activities. Amnesty International, for example, criticised the "disproportionate" ban of election-related demonstrations on Thursday.

Tidjane Thiam - the man analysts said would be Ouattara’s biggest rival - was excluded from running after a court ruled that he held French citizenship when he registered. This is against Ivorian law.

Laurent Gbagbo, Ouattara’s predecessor, is not eligible to run because of his prior conviction.

Analysts said that those who were allowed to run for office did not have the support of the major political parties in the country, which hindered their ability to mobilize large numbers.

Cesar Flan-Moquet, Director of the Centre of Political Research of Abidjan (a think tank), said that instead of forming "makeshift alliances", the four candidates of the opposition are divided between themselves.

He said: "All of this means that the candidates don't really have a shot."

The turbulent rise to the top

Born on 1 January 1942 in Dimbokro, central Ivory Coast, Ouattara earned a PhD in economics at the University of Pennsylvania and rose to become deputy director of the International Monetary Fund.

Later, he became Prime Minister under the founding president Felix Houphouet Boigny. His death in 1993 brought about a more toxic period of Ivorian Politics.

In 1995, new electoral rules were introduced, which included a requirement that candidates must have lived in Ivory Coast during the five previous years. This prevented Ouattara running for office.

In 2020, he was again excluded because one of his parents is from Burkina Faso. Gbagbo called Ouattara, the winner of that election, "a foreigner candidate".

The 2002 revolt against Gbagbo divided the country, leaving the northern half of the country under the control of rebels. Many of these were from the ethnic group of Ouattara, the Dioula.

The war was mostly the result of xenophobic policy by successive Ivorian government against migrant farmer from Burkina Faso, Mali and northern Ivorians who had cultural ties with them.

In 2010, Ouattara and former President Henri Konan Bedie formed a pact that helped him win the runoff election against Gbagbo.

Around 3,000 people were killed in the fighting that broke out after Gbagbo refused to accept his defeat before Ouattara took office in April 2011.

Ouattara was re-elected in 2015 and 2020 with little difficulty, although the last vote was marred violent clashes between rival supporters which killed 85 people.

Uncertainty about who will be the next?

The tensions are not as high as they were in 2020 when the critics were more upset over Ouattara’s claim that a 2016 constitution had reset his limit of two terms.

Jessica Moody, a West Africa political consultant and expert on risk management, says that the protest ban as well as the deployment of 44 000 security forces will prevent large-scale unrest.

Ouattara will likely spend his fourth term focusing on economic goals, such as making Ivory Coast into a middle-income nation by 2030, opening a new metro in Abidjan, and improving access to electricity and roads.

He also tried to answer the question about his successor before the 2020 elections by naming Amadou Coulibaly, the then Prime Minister.

Coulibaly passed away a few months later and Ouattara reneged on his promise of handing power to a younger generation.

Moody stated that choosing a successor would be a difficult process due to the divisions in the ruling party. However, it was not impossible.

She said, "I don’t believe he lacks motivation to step down." He will be 88 years old by the time of the next election. (Reporting and editing by Ed Osmond, Loucoumane coulibaly and Robbie Corey Boulet)

(source: Reuters)