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Maguire: Taiwan's record gas consumption bucked Asia's clean energy drive

Taiwan's utilities have increased the amount of electricity generated by natural gas this year. This is in contrast to regional and global trends towards increasing clean energy.

Data from the energy think tank Ember revealed that in the first eight month of this year, over 87% (the highest ever fossil fuel share) of Taiwan's power supply was generated by fossil fuels. This is the largest fossil fuel percentage for Asia's eighth largest economy.

Taiwan's fossil fuel production share is also higher than the average for Asia (62%), and the average global (57%). This means that Taiwan stands out from other major economies when it comes to energy transition momentum, despite its lack of it.

TAIWAN'S TERRAIN ILL-SUITED FOR RENEWABLE FARMS

Taiwan imports more than 90% its energy, including all the coal, oil and natural gas that it consumes, due to a lack of raw materials.

Rooftop solar systems are rapidly being adopted in many areas of the island, despite its mountainous terrain and dense population.

Last year, the share of renewable energy in utility-scale electricity production was about 11%. This could rise to 15% by 2025, thanks to the offshore wind projects which began operation in 2018.

Taiwan generated up to 25% of its electricity in early 2000's from nuclear reactors, but shut down its last nuclear plant in May because of political pressures and public concerns about safety.

Due to the closure of the Maanshan Nuclear Plant and the limited generation capacity from renewable sources, utilities are still heavily reliant on fossil fuels for most of their power generation.

UTILITIES BOOST GAS-FIRED GENERATION TO OFFSET COAL DECLINE

Despite the fact that fossil fuel electricity production reached new heights in 2018, output from coal-fired plants has been steadily declining since 2019. This year's output is at its lowest level for more than a decade.

The closure of old plants has been prompted by public pressure to improve the air quality. For the first time, coal-fired power has provided less than 40% electricity so far this year.

In the last five years, utilities have increased the amount of natural gas generated to offset the reduced output from coal and the closure of nuclear power plants.

Ember data revealed that the electricity produced by gas-fired power plants from January to August was 89.2 Terawatt Hours.

This was a 12% jump from the same time period in 2019 and a 52% increase from 2018. The share of electricity generated by gas-fired power plants has reached a record high this year.

TAIWAN'S LNG imports have soared the most among peers

Taiwan increased its LNG imports by 35% between 2019 and 2024 to meet the country's ever-increasing needs for gas. This was the highest percentage increase of the five largest LNG importers during that time period.

Kpler, a commodities intelligence company, reported that LNG imports reached a new record of 18,000,000 metric tons in the first three-quarters of 2018.

This total represents a 7% increase from the same time period last year. China and Japan are the two largest LNG importers, but they have seen a decline in their import volumes so far this season.

Taiwan's LNG exports in the three-month period through August reached a record 6.6 million tonnes, a positive sign for LNG markets. Nearly all major importers had reduced their imports.

Due to the higher demand for cooling systems that use energy intensive cooling systems in summer, LNG imports could slow down in the next few weeks.

Taiwan will continue to be a large LNG purchaser for the foreseeable, given its high dependence on gas during the winter heating seasons.

Taiwan's constant need for fossil energy - for both imports and to power its own domestic network - sets it apart from other countries as a laggard in the energy transition.

The continued construction of wind farms will eventually push renewable energy sources steadily upwards. Taiwan is likely to remain heavily dependent on fossil fuels and will continue to be a major customer of gas exporters in the future.

These are the opinions of the columnist, an author for.

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(source: Reuters)