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Is Europe's recovery in gas demand derailed by the Iran crisis or is it just hampered? Maguire

Gas-fired electricity production in Europe reached multi-year-highs early in 2026. This gave liquefied gas (LNG), exporters hope that the region would regain its love for the fuel.

Gas consumption has been slowing down in March. The average level of?gas production across major consumers is down by about a third compared to the previous month.

At least part of this slowdown is likely due to a sharp increase in regional gas prices following the outbreak of the 'U.S.-Iran War on February 28.

The above-normal temperatures in Central and Western Europe has also led to a sharp drop in regional?gas consumption, as heating demand is down compared to the beginning of the year.

The low regional gas inventory levels, which need to be replenished before next winter, will also obscure the picture of demand. Regular import orders will still be required even if industrial and power gas usage remains soft.

The global LNG industry is facing major challenges as it invests billions in new export capacities on the assumption that Europe will continue to grow its gas demand.

The future gas consumption in Europe will have a significant impact on several clean-tech industries, including developers of renewable energy and manufacturers of heat pumps and batteries.

Here are some data points and trends that can help industries and analysts grapple with this issue. They may be useful guidesposts to the true demand potential of Europe.

Power Trends

Gas consumption for electricity production peaks during winter when heating demand is highest, but then drops sharply between spring and autumn.

Ember data show that between 2019 and 2025 the gas-fired production averaged 110 Terawatt Hours (TWh), per month, from October to February, but fell to 87 TWh, per month, from April to Septembre.

The roughly 26% drop in consumption at mid-year produces an uneven "burn rate" in Europe's electricity system, despite the fact that the fuel is still responsible for 25% of the total annual output.

The annual drop in gas consumption by utilities could be underway, despite the market jitters over the Middle East Crisis.

Any sudden cold snaps in the spring may result in a new burst of gas demand, further reducing regional fuel stocks.

Storage Problems

Europe's gas stocks are at their lowest level since 2022, hovering around 27%.

The optimistic outlook for LNG exports through 2026 had led utilities to draw down their stocks during the winter. However, the recent halt of LNG exports by Qatar has caused a rapid reassessment.

Qatar, the second largest LNG exporter by 2025 in the world, is still offline. This means that Europe's storage operators need to replenish their stockpiles before the winter.

In the past, Europe's total inventories of gas hovered around 2,000 billion cubic foot (bcf), which was enough to meet normal heating requirements through winter.

The current inventory is around 370 BCF, so it will need to expand by about 1,600 BCF over the next 235 or so days.

Gas storage operators will need to inject approximately 6.9 bcf/day (bcfd), which is equivalent to two large LNG tanks per day, in order for them reach this total.

According to Kpler's estimates, in Europe, the average number of large LNG tankers that discharge their cargo each day is three. This means that storage firms can secure two tankers every day.

According to LSEG, the majority of Europe's natural gas is delivered via pipeline. Around 17 bcfd are distributed throughout Europe by countries like Norway, North Africa, and Azerbaijan.

As they replenish their storage, tank farms will choose cheaper pipelined supplies. However, they will also tap into the LNG market if it is attractive.

PIVOT INDUSTRIAL

Gas demand is also influenced by the health of Europe's industry.

Gas consumption has been consistent in the past for chemical plants, fertilizer manufacturers, steel mills, and a wide range of production lines.

The collective gas consumption of businesses has fallen sharply in the years since Russia invaded Ukraine, 2022. It has also remained soft despite the subdued economy across Europe.

Volkswagen, Europe's largest automaker, reported layoffs this year and a decline in profits.

European policymakers are currently drafting new industrial heating rules to help reduce operating costs and provide greater regulatory certainty for the industry.

To reduce the need to import gas, lawmakers are taking steps to increase?supplies of?biomethane. This is primarily generated from agricultural facilities and municipal waste landfills.

These measures could reduce the total amount of industrial gas used, but they would also create an extra demand for electricity, which would require the power sector to provide at a low cost.

Gas-dependent businesses will have to cut production if they cannot afford the gas and continue to burn it when they can.

It is likely that Europe's gas consumption trends will remain choppy in the near future, despite the fact that industrial and power users are gradually reducing their dependence on gas.

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(source: Reuters)