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SpaceX spends over $15 billion on Starship in rush to airline-like rocketry

SpaceX has spent $15 billion on its next-generation Starship launch vehicle, according to its IPO registration. This is a huge sum compared to its Falcon rocket which was its mainstay. Elon Musk’s space company has been working for a decade to develop a fully reusable rocket.

SpaceX's future as it races?towards public markets with a $1.75 billion valuation is largely dependent on Starship. This is a 'towering' two-stage rocket that Musk wants to use to launch more Starlink satellites and to carry humans to the moon and Mars. He also hopes to deploy thousands of artificial-intelligence computing satellites in place of power-hungry Earth-based data centers.

The previously unknown figure of $15 billion dwarfs the $400 million SpaceX invested in developing Falcon 9, which is the most commonly flown rocket in the world. Falcon 9 is the key to SpaceX's dominance in commercial launch services, as it enables rapid Starlink deployments.

SpaceX stated in its confidential IPO filing that it has continued to make significant investments in order to increase our lead. This includes investing more than $15 billion into Starship, the next-generation rocket. According to the filing, the company plans to launch its latest generation Starlink satellites (known as V3) in the second half 2026. This is most likely to happen on Starship. Its payload bay can hold up to 60 upgraded satellites in one flight.

This is a significant increase from the usual two dozen Starlinks launched by Falcon. It shows how closely Starlink's economics are tied to Starship.

Starship consumes now the majority of the company's research and development expenditures.

The filing shows that SpaceX spent $3 billion on research and development for its space segment in 2025, with the entire amount going to the Starship Program. This is a dramatic increase from the $1.8 million that was spent in this segment in the previous year. This surge in spending highlights the fundamental differences between Starship and Falcon, as well as any rockets that have come before.

STARSHIP SUFFERS EXPLOSIVE FAILURES

SpaceX has performed 11 Starship tests since 2023. These flights have produced both spectacular failures as well as eye-catching advancements. The rocket's Super Heavy booster was caught by massive mechanical arms on its return, which was designed to accelerate reusability.

SpaceX admitted in its filing, that despite these gains, it will still take several years before Starship can achieve Musk's goal "of thousands of launches per year." This launch rate would be needed to "deploy 100 Gigawatts" of solar-powered AI satellites each year, which is roughly one quarter of the US energy consumption in a single year.

Chris Quilty, President of Quilty Space a space industry research company, said that they were getting close. "But we don't yet know and won't for some time, is whether they can do it again."

The biggest challenge for Starship will be to build the ground infrastructure required to support Musk's flight cadence. This includes fuel supplies, water system and, for the core of the ship, a heat shield capable of withstanding repeated atmospheric reentry.

According to an analysis by the Federal Aviation Administration, a single Starship launch uses 244 tanker truck loads of natural gas. Around one million gallons are used to dampen the rocket's acoustic vibrating during launch. Quilty stated that there isn't enough water to launch Starship at this scale.

In-orbit fueling is another formidable obstacle. It's a risky, unproven procedure in which Starships dock to tanker versions of vehicles in order to transfer fuel. This maneuver is essential for deep-space missions, and it would require multiple Starship launches.

Hans Koenigsmann is a former SpaceX Vice-President of Flight Reliability, and one of SpaceX's first employees. If that happens, I think it will be a success from then on.

It is not just the propellant that poses a problem. The liquid oxygen must be maintained at very low temperatures, and sealed tightly to prevent leakage into space.

SpaceX stated in its filing that "in-orbit refueling" is complex and they haven't yet tried it.

It added, "We may be unable to develop, commercialize or scale up these or other strategies within the timeframes that we anticipate or even at all."

CITY OF THE STARS

SpaceX, over the last decade, has built an extensive Starbase development site dedicated to Starship in South Texas. The facility is part of a manufacturing effort designed to produce rockets faster than traditional space vehicles.

Koenigsmann explained that "when you build your production before having the product in hand, you run the obvious risk that you will change your mind... and every change to the rocket also has an impact on the factory."

The vehicle has undergone hundreds of changes due to testing failures. Koenigsmann called Starship "a totally different animal" than Falcon 9.

SpaceX has been preparing to launch its first Starship test since October. This is the longest gap between flights in the history of this program. This mission will be the first to fly the Starship V3 prototyp.

In a video SpaceX published on X Friday, Charlie Cox, director of Starship Engineering said, "Version '3 is essentially a clean-sheet ship design."

V3 Starship is a rocket with dozens and dozens of upgrades. It's designed for orbital flights, long-duration space tests, and crewed moon landings. This is the most difficult mission type for which NASA paid SpaceX $3 billion as part of its Artemis Moon Program.

Kent Chojnacki said that HLS will be based on Version 3. He is the Deputy Manager for NASA's Human Landing System Program. This first flight is going to be crucial. (Reporting and editing by Joey Roulette, Nick Zieminski and Joe Brock)

(source: Reuters)