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Sources say that Indonesia's Karimun Terminal is a key Russian oil hub

According to eight sources in the industry and data from ship tracking, Indonesia's Karimun Terminal has increased imports of Russian oil to become a major transshipment hub. This is where traders store cargoes that are rebranded to reflect their countries of origin before being reexported.

After Moscow's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russian oil exports shifted from Europe to Asia. Western sanctions meant to limit Moscow's oil revenues make direct imports of Russian oil difficult for many buyers.

The system of traders and shippers, as well as the transshipment points in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates and the floating hubs along the Malacca Straits, Singapore Straits, and the Straits of Malacca, has helped to keep Russian oil flowing despite sanctions.

Kpler's ship tracking data showed that since October, the terminal located in a free-trade zone on an island 37 km (23 mi) southwest of Singapore has received Russian oil every month. The exports were to Malaysia, Singapore, and China.

The data indicates that before this, Russian oil products were arriving at Karimun only on a sporadic basis.

Kpler data shows that more than 500,000 tons of fuel oil (3.2 million barrels), loaded at Russia's Ust Luga terminal, have arrived in Karimun this year. This is nearly five times as much as the volume for the same period in 2024.

Karimun has received 217,000 tons of Russian diesel this year, as opposed to none last year. The imports of Russian naphtha this year are also up from the previous year.

Kpler data shows Karimun exporting a record amount of oil products. This helped keep Asia supplied with refined products.

Sources spoke under condition of anonymity, as this is a sensitive matter.

Indonesia's Energy Ministry said that it had no information about activities in Karimun, as it was a free-trade zone outside its jurisdiction.

Requests for comments were not responded to by officials at Indonesia's Coordinating Ministry of Economics, which is a part of the Special Economic Zone and the Free Trade Zone Board.

Novus Middle East DMCC of Dubai, which purchased the 720,000 cubic metre PT Oil Terminal Karimun from Germany's Oiltanking in the second quarter of last year, has not responded to a comment request.

PT Oil Terminal Karimun did not also respond to a comment request.

SANCTIONED TANKERS

Kpler data shows that the share of Russian oil imports to the Karimun Terminal has jumped from 0-26% per month during the first half 2024, to over 60% in October, and as high as 100 percent in April.

Kpler data shows that at least three cargoes were delivered to Karimun between March and April by tankers sanctioned either by the European Union (EU) or Britain.

Three sources claim that some of these cargoes get blended before being re-exported.

Eight sources confirmed that cargos are transported through intermediaries - often unidentified trading firms whose names change frequently - before reaching their final destination.

Tan Albayrak is an international trade attorney specializing in economic sanctions and export control at Reed Smith LLP. He said that a storage facility can be exposed to sanctions if it receives cargoes from a vessel sanctioned, but blending or refining products would give a new country as the source.

Albayrak stated that if the oil product received was transformed into another oil-product, it would be considered Indonesian and the sanctions against Russia will not apply.

He added that "at this point, there wouldn't be any exposure to players further down the chain such as buyers or traders."

(source: Reuters)