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Chinese engines shipped as "cooling units" power Russian drones in Ukraine

According to documents and three European security officials, Chinese engines are being shipped covertly via front companies, to a Russian state-owned drone maker, labeled as "industrial refrigeration units", to avoid detection following the Western sanctions.

Despite the U.S. & E.U. sanctions, the shipments allowed Russian weapons maker IEMZ Kupol increase production of its Garpiya A1 attack drone. According to sources and documents including contracts, invoices, and customs paperwork, sanctions were imposed on October to disrupt the supply chain.

A document reviewed by showed that Kupol had signed a contract for the production of more than 6,000 Garpiya in this year. This is up from 2,000 Garpiya in 2024. Document stated that over 1,500 drones were already delivered in April.

In a recent statement, the Ukrainian Military Intelligence Agency said that Russia uses around 500 long-range drones per month to target civilian and military targets in Ukraine.

Due to the sensitive nature of the information, the European security officials requested that they and their organization not be identified. The European security officials also asked that certain details of the documents, like dates and costs of contracts, be kept secret.

The European Union and U.S. sanctioned a number of companies that were involved in the production of the drones including Xiamen.

According to invoices, a Kupol letter and documents on transportation, a Chinese company called Beijing Xichao International Technology and Trade began supplying L550E engines for Kupol in the wake of sanctions.

First time, Garpiya has reported the increase in production and the addition of new intermediaries who supply parts for drones.

The news agency was unable to determine how Xichao acquired the engines from Xiamen Limbach. Xiamen Limbach didn't respond to a comment request and couldn't reach Xichao.

IEMZ Kupol and Russia's Trade and Industry Ministry did not reply to a comment request.

China's Foreign Ministry said in a statement that it had no knowledge of the exports of parts for Garpiya, and has regulated the sales of dual-use products abroad to comply with China's laws and international obligations.

The statement read: "China has always opposed unilateral sanction that are not based on international law or authorized by the U.N. Security Council."

The European Commission didn't immediately respond to an inquiry for a comment.

The U.S. as well as the E.U. The U.S. and E.U. have both imposed sanctions repeatedly on companies from third-party countries including China that are alleged to be providing dual-use technologies to Russia. Kupol is sanctioned by the EU since December 2022 and by the U.S. since December 2023 for its involvement in Russia’s defence sector.

DIPLOMATIC AWARNINGS

Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, is scheduled to visit China on Thursday for a meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping. Premier Li Qiang will also attend. The trip comes amid tensions surrounding Beijing's support to Russia's military effort.

Kaja Kallas, top EU diplomat, told Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi that Chinese companies' support of Russia in the war was a threat to European Security. She urged China to stop trade that supports Russia's military apparatus.

Meia Nouwens said that China's primary concern is to sustain Russia's military effort in order to keep the United States focused on Ukraine.

She said, "This doesn't help China and Europe to come closer together diplomatically."

China claims it controls the export of drones, their parts and that they have never supplied either side in the Ukraine war with lethal weapons.

According to a person who is familiar with Beijing's views on the matter, China produces about 75% of the world's drones. The majority of them are not used for military purposes. If Russia uses them as weapons then Ukraine also does, said the person.

One European official stated that the EU did not ask China to cut its economic ties to Russia, but rather to tighten the financial and customs controls in order to reduce the flow specific dual-use products.

Three European sources confirmed that the Garpiya (which means harpy) is based on Iranian Shahed drones, but uses Chinese technology. According to the Ukrainian military intelligence agency, the Chinese components included the drone's engine, navigation system, and control systems.

According to a document seen by Kupol, the engines were sent by Xichao by a Russian front firm called SMP-138. This company then passed them on to a second Russian company LIBSS.

Abram Goldman registered as the owner SMP-138 did not reply to an email request for comments. LIBSS did not answer any of the questions either.

The contract that LIBSS signed to supply Kupol the engines was reviewed by us. It stated that they would be referred to as cooling units on shipping documents due their high sensitivity. Kupol's manufacturing facility in Izhevsk is located near the delivery route from Beijing to Moscow.

Three security officials stated that by describing the products as cooling units, they were able to export them to Russia without alerting Chinese Authorities.

Transport documents examined by revealed that Sichuan Airlines, China Southern Airlines, China’s largest airline, and other Chinese carriers had been transporting drone components to sanctioned Russian firms since October.

China Southern has not responded to questions, and Sichuan was not available for comment. (Additional reporting from John Irish in Paris; Andrew Gray in Brussels; Tom Balmforth, in Kyiv; Qiaoyi LI, in Beijing. Editing by Daniel Flynn.

(source: Reuters)