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We know what we can about Malaysia's missing MH370 aircraft, 11 years after its disappearance. A new search will begin.

Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370, with its 239 passengers and crew on board, disappeared nearly 12 years ago. It remains one of aviation's biggest mysteries.

On March 8, 2014, the Boeing 777 was missing while it was on its way to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur. The flight carried more than 150 Chinese and 50 Malaysians, along with citizens of France and Australia, Indonesia, India and the United States.

Satellite data analysis revealed that the plane crashed in the southern Indian Ocean off the coasts of Western Australia. Two major searches have failed to yield any significant results.

On December 30, 2025, a new search will begin for the missing aircraft.

What is known?

The plane's last transmission was made about 40 minutes after departing Kuala Lumpur bound for Beijing. As the plane entered Vietnamese airspace, Captain Zaharie Ahmed Shah signed off by saying "Goodnight, Malaysian 3 7 Zero".

Its transponder was then turned off shortly after, making it impossible to track.

The plane was detected by radar as it flew back over Penang Island and northern Malaysia, then out to the Andaman Sea and towards the tip Indonesian island Sumatra. The plane then turned south, and all contact was lost.

Underwater Searches

Malaysia, Australia, and China have launched an underwater search of a 120,000 square km area (46,332 square miles) in the southern Indian Ocean based on automatic connections between a satellite Inmarsat and the plane.

After two years, the search was abandoned in January 2017 after costing about A$200,000,000 ($131.54,000,000). No trace of the plane had been found.

In 2018, Malaysia accepted an offer by the U.S. exploration company Ocean Infinity to conduct a 3-month search. The firm would only be paid if the plane was found.

The search area was 112,000 square kilometers (43,243 sq miles) to the north and proved unsuccessful, too, ending in May 2018

DEBRIS

Only three wing fragments from MH370 have been confirmed. More than 30 pieces were collected along the coasts of Africa and islands in the Indian Ocean.

The majority of the debris used for drift pattern analysis to narrow down the possible location of the aircraft.

INVESTIGATION RESULTS

In a 495-page report published in July 2018 on the disappearance of MH370, it was stated that the Boeing 777 controls had been manipulated deliberately to cause it to go off course. However, investigators were unable determine who is responsible.

The report also highlighted the mistakes made by Kuala Lumpur's and Ho Chi Minh City's air traffic control centers and issued recommendations for avoiding a repeat of this incident.

The investigators did not offer any conclusive conclusions on what happened to MH370. They said that the discovery of the wreckage is crucial.

CONSPIRACY THEORIES

Inability to find the crash site of MH370 has sparked a number of conspiracy theories. These range from mechanical errors or a remotely controlled crash to more bizarre explanations such as an alien abduction, or a Russian plot.

Aviation experts in recent years have suggested that an experienced pilot could be responsible for deliberately steering the plane off course. Investigators found no suspicious activity in the captain's background, his financial affairs, or his mental state.

SEARCH RESUMPTION

In December 2024, the Malaysian government announced that it would resume its search for wreckage in response to a new proposal by Ocean Infinity. Ocean Infinity would receive $70,000,000 if substantial wreckage was found. The search began in March of this year, but was stopped after a few days due to bad weather.

The search will begin on December 30, and be carried out in the southern Indian Ocean in an area of 15,000 square kilometers (5,790 square miles). No precise location was given.

Malaysia's Transport Ministry said Ocean Infinity confirmed that it will resume seabed operations, intermittently conducted, for 55 days. The search would take place in an area "that is assessed as having the highest probability to locate the aircraft."

(source: Reuters)