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Kim Jong Un's slow train to China:

Kim Jong Un, the leader of North Korea, arrived in Beijing Tuesday aboard his green armoured trains. The leaders of this reclusive nation have relied on this slow but highly specialized form transport for decades.

Experts say that bulletproof trains are a better alternative to North Korea's aging fleet of passenger planes. They offer more comfort, security, food, amenities and space to discuss agendas before meetings.

Kim, who became the leader of North Korea in late 2011, has traveled by train to China, Vietnam, and Russia.

What's inside the trains?

Ahn Byung Min, a South Korean expert in North Korean transportation, said that multiple trains were required for security purposes.

Ahn stated that these trains each have between 10 and 15 carriages. Some of them are only used by the leader. This includes a bedroom. Other carriages carry medical staff, security guards, or both.

He added that they also have room for Kim's desk, communications equipment and a restaurant, as well as carriages for 2 armoured Mercedes.

State media pictures on Tuesday showed Kim and senior officials having a smoke break in front of an office with wood panels and a gold crest.

Kim's desk was adorned with a laptop computer embossed in gold, a bank telephones, a box of his signature cigarettes, and bottles filled with liquids that were either blue or clear. The windows were decorated with blue and gold curtains.

In 2018, a video by North Korean state TV featured Kim with Chinese top officials in a train car with pink couches.

State TV footage from 2020 showed Kim on a train, visiting a typhoon hit area. The carriage was decorated with flower-shaped lights and fabric chairs printed in zebra.

In his 2002 book, "Orient Express", Russian official Konstantin Pulikovsky describes a journey of Kim Jong Il's father Kim Jong Un made to Moscow over a period of three weeks.

According to the book, live lobsters and cases of Bordeaux wine and Beaujolais were also flown into that train from Paris.

How does it cross borders?

Ahn explained that when Kim Jong Un traveled to Russia in 2023 to meet with President Vladimir Putin at the summit, the wheel assemblies of the train had to be reconfigured because the rail gauges are different between the two countries.

Kim Han-tae is a former South Korean train engineer and author of a book about North Korea's railroads. While China does not have such a requirement, a Chinese engine pulls the train after it crosses the border because a local train engineer knows the rails system and signals.

According to media images, Kim's special train carriages were usually pulled by DF11Z engines, Chinese-made engines with the China Railway Corporation emblem, and at least three serial numbers.

Ahn noticed that the serial numbers of the engines were either 0001 and 0002, indicating China provided him with engines reserved only for senior officials.

On Tuesday, a DF11Z locomotive bearing the serial number 0003 pulled more than 20 carriages emblazoned with the North Korean flag and official emblem in gold.

Six Chinese carriages, with double yellow stripes and bright yellow colors, were attached to the dark green North Korean train. Ahn suggested that these carriages may have been used by Chinese officials who greeted Kim as he crossed the border.

Kim's train, which travelled from China to the 2019 summit in Vietnam with U.S. president Donald Trump, was pulled by a locomotive with China’s national rail logo.

Ahn stated that the train could reach speeds of up to 80 km/h (50mph) in China, as opposed to a maximum speed of 45 km/h (28mph) for North Korea.

Who uses the trains?

Kim Il Sung's, Kim's, grandfather, was the North Korean founding leader. He travelled regularly abroad by train during his reign, until his death in 1995.

Kim Jong Il visited Russia three times by train, including a trip of 20,000 km (12 400 miles) to Moscow in 2001.

The carriage from his mausoleum is displayed in his train. He was reported to have died of a heart attack late 2011, while riding on one of the trains.

State propaganda has focused on the train as the main vehicle for the Kim family to travel long distances by train in order to meet North Koreans.

State television in 2022 showed Kim Jong Un on what they called an "exhaustive tour by train" of North Korea, inspecting corn crops and promoting a "communist paradise". (Reporting and editing by Ju-min Park, Josh Smith and Edmund Klamann; Alex Richardson and Frances Kerry)

(source: Reuters)