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Traders say that China's teapots are driving Russian ESPO purchases amid record discounts.

Three traders reported a record discount of $7 to $8 per barrel for Russian ESPO blend crude delivered in Chinese ports in January compared to?ICE Brent, due to the pressure from Western sanctions on this?grade.

The deeper discounts have revived interest in buying, especially among China's independent private refiners known as "teapots".

Earlier in December, ESPO discount prices at Chinese ports ranged from $5 to $6 per barrel as refiners stayed out of the market following harsh Western sanctions against Russian oil majors Rosneft, and Lukoil.

Beijing has issued new import quotas and cheaper barrels to lure private refiners back to the market.

China's state-owned refineries, however, continue to avoid buying Russian crude at the spot market. This puts pressure on ESPO blend oil prices. ?And abundant supplies of Iranian crude sold at greater discounts have also increased competition with ESPO.

ESPO Blend is a light sweet oil exported through Russian Far East ports. Its short shipping distance, combined with its high quality, makes it a vital feedstock for Chinese refiners. Discounts are now higher than they were earlier in the year. This is due to a combination of softer demand, sanctions and restrictions on Russian oil flow.

Western sanctions also weigh on the value of Urals, Russia's flagship oil. Due to the weaker Indian demand, traders said that a number of Urals cargoes loaded from?Russian port this month were diverted to China. Chinese port discounts for Urals crude cargoes have been over $10 per barrel compared to ICE Brent - this is for December loadings of Russian ports.

The traders stated that although Western sanctions may have made it difficult for some buyers to pay and ship, ESPO and Urals are still attractive to smaller refiners who need quick shipments.

China is Russia's biggest oil customer. Wider discounts could support Russian oil exports until early 2026, even though sanctions restrict Moscow's ability sell oil. Reporting by Siyi Liu and reporters in Moscow, with editing by Joe Bavier.

(source: Reuters)