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What did Trump and Xi agree on regarding tariffs, export control, and fentanyl

On Saturday, the White House released details of an agreement between U.S. president Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping that was reached this week to de-escalate both countries' trade conflict. This included U.S. Tariff reductions and a pause on Beijing's restrictions on rare earth mineral and magnets. The agreement, which includes the resumption by China of its purchases of American soybeans and averts Trump’s threatened 100% tariff against Chinese goods, extends for approximately a year a fragile trade truce between two of the largest economies in the world. Here are some key elements of the Trump - Xi agreement reached in Busan on Thursday.

TARIFF REDUTION ON CHINESE GOODS RELATED TO FENTANYL The U.S. is halving the 20% tariff placed on Chinese goods relating to the supplies of fentanyl precursor chemicals that come from China. According to U.S. officials, the reduction in tariffs from February to 10% will reduce the U.S. overall tariff rate for Chinese imports by about 57% to 47%.

This total includes tariffs of approximately 25% on Chinese imports imposed during Trump's initial term as President, a 10% "reciprocal tariff" imposed in April along with previous "Most Favoured Nation" rates.

CHINA ABANDONS RARE-EARTH CONTROL OF EXPORTS China has agreed to a pause of one year on the export controls that it announced this month. Rare earth minerals and magnets play vital roles in cars and planes as well as weapons. They are Beijing's strongest source of leverage during its trade war against Washington. These controls would have required export licensing for products that contained even trace amounts of an expanded list of elements, and were intended to prevent their use in weapons.

White House: China will issue general export licenses for rare earths and other materials such as gallium, germanium and antimony to the U.S. and its suppliers. White House stated that this amounted "to the de facto removal" of controls China had imposed between April 2025, and October 2022.

The White House announced that China has also agreed to cease all retaliatory duties it has imposed since March 4. These include duties on U.S. poultry, wheat, corn and cotton, soybeans, pork and beef, as well as aquatic products, fruits, vegetable, and dairy products.

Beijing said it would also suspend all non-tariff countermeasures that had been taken by the Chinese government against the U.S., such as the listing of certain American companies in the Chinese government’s lists of end users and unreliable entities.

Export controls by the Trump Administration have been paused

The U.S. agreed on a one-year suspension of an expanded Commerce Department Blacklist of companies that are prohibited from purchasing U.S. Technology Goods, including semiconductor manufacturing machinery. This was to avoid the use of subsidiaries or other firms in order to circumvent export controls. The expanded blacklist automatically included companies that were more than half owned by the companies already listed. This would have been the most significant impact on Chinese firms, as it would have banned U.S. Exports to thousands of Chinese firms.

CHINA COMMITS PURCHASE OF SOYBEAN

The White House announced that China had agreed to purchase at least 12,000,000 metric tons (or 25,000,000 metric pounds) of U.S. soya beans in 2025's last two months, and at least 25,000,000 metric pounds of U.S. soya beans in each of three subsequent years. The White House also announced that China had agreed to resume its purchases of U.S. hardwood logs and sorghum.

China has stopped purchasing U.S. beans in large quantities this fall, and purchased none in September. It now sources its beans from Brazil or Argentina. Washington demanded more purchases due to the loud complaints of U.S. Farmers, who are a major Trump constituency.

Analysts have noted that China's soybean purchases will not exceed their previous levels. The U.S. exported almost 27 million tons to China in 2024. China had promised to increase soybean purchases as part of the "Phase One", a Trump-negotiated trade agreement that stopped a trade conflict in 2020. However, the COVID-19 pandemic prevented them from meeting their targets.

China will also take steps to resume trade with chipmaker

Nexperia's facilities

The White House stated in its fact sheet that the production of legacy chips is now allowed to be exported to other countries.

The White House announced that Beijing would also extend its market-based exclusion process of imports from America, and the exclusions will remain in effect until December 31, 2026.

The White House announced that China would end its antitrust, antimonopoly, and antidumping investigations against U.S. semiconductor firms.

TRUMP ADMINISTRATION PUTS OFF NEW PORT FEE

The White House announced that Beijing had agreed to lift the sanctions imposed against various shipping companies and remove the measures taken in retaliation to Washington's Section 301 inquiry into China's dominance in the global maritime, logistic and shipbuilding sectors.

The Trump administration has agreed to suspend for one year the new port fees that are imposed on Chinese built, owned and flagged ships. The fees were intended to revive U.S. shipbuilding and could have added thousands of dollars per voyage to U.S. port. On October 14, the port fees and 100% tariffs were implemented, along with ship-to shore cranes built in China. The fees disrupted the cargo flow and caused container prices to rise as shippers tried to avoid China-linked ships. China has set its own fees for U.S. linked ships, which includes those owned by global shippers who have 25% U.S. equity. White House announced that it would continue to talk with South Korea and Japan about revitalizing American shipbuilding while negotiating with China on the issue.

COOPERATION AGAINST FENTANYL TRACKERS

The White House announced that China had agreed to "significant measures" in order to stop the flow of fentanyl into the U.S. This included a halt to the shipment of certain chemical precursors to North America, and a strict control of exports of chemicals around the world. U.S. Treasury Sec. Scott Bessent said on Fox Business Network that in the next few weeks, working groups of both countries will "set very objective measurements" to reduce flows and measure the success of curbing the deadly drug blamed for tens thousands of U.S. deaths from overdoses every year.

The tariffs were put in place by the Trump administration because they were worried about China's promises to help. They said that the tariffs would be in place until Beijing took concrete steps. Reporting by David Lawder; editing by Paul Simao, David Gregorio, and Doina Chiacu.

(source: Reuters)