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Trump's trade battle with China in 2025

U.S. president Donald Trump has targeted China as his top economic rival with a cascade on tariffs that are worth billions of dollar. He is trying to reduce a trade surplus, bring back lost manufacturing and cripple fentanyl traffic.

In reverse chronological order, here are the key events of this year in U.S.-China Trade War:

November 5 - Beijing suspends all retaliatory duties on U.S. goods imports until November 10, including farm products at up to 15%. However, it keeps 10% levies as a countermeasure to Trump's "Liberation Day tariffs".

China is easing measures against U.S. companies and reducing tariffs on imports of U.S. fibre optics.

After talks between Trump and Chinese president Xi Jinping in South Korea, the United States and China reach a new trade truce on October 30. Trump agrees with Beijing to crack down on the illicit fentanyl market, resume U.S. soya bean purchases, and pause controls on rare earth exports.

Beijing claims that the United States has also promised to delay by a year its plan to ban Chinese firms from using their technology.

The two leaders will decide the framework of a trade agreement after Scott Bessent, Treasury Secretary and Jamieson Greer met with He Lifeng, Vice Premier and chief trade negotiator in China.

The U.S. State Department describes Chinese sanctions against South Korean shipbuilder Hanwha Ocean as "coercion" and says that this undermines the relationship between Washington, Seoul and Washington.

Greer and Bessent criticize China's increased rare earth export controls, citing them as a threat to global supply chain. Bessent pledges to tighten control over strategic sectors in order to counter China.

Apple CEO Tim Cook pledges China investment boost.

On October 14, both nations start collecting port fees on each other's vessels. China, however, exempts the ships that it has built. Five Hanwha Ocean units with ties to the United States are sanctioned as a threat to its sovereignty and security.

Bessent confirms that plans for the Trump-Xi meeting are still on track.

Trump announces new levies on China imports, including 100% additional duties. He also introduces export controls for "any and all software critical" starting November 1. In response to China's restrictions on rare earth exports, Trump threatens to impose export controls on Boeing parts.

Trump does not cancel his plans to meet Xi but says that there is no need for him to do so.

China opens antitrust investigation against U.S. Qualcomm for the purchase of Israeli chip designer Autotalks.

China will start charging port fees to vessels linked to the U.S. as of October 14 in response for similar fees charged by the U.S. on China-linked vessels.

China tightens its grip on the critical minerals and expands its export controls to include five additional medium-heavy elements.

The United States intends to ban Chinese Airlines from flying over Russia in U.S. routes. This would be detrimental to U.S. carriers.

Trump declares that the major topic of discussion at the Xi-Meet will be soybeans. He calls China's sharply decreased U.S. purchases as a tactic in negotiations.

Greer, September 30: Tariffs of around 55% on Chinese imports is a "good status quo", but the United States wants to see more free trade.

Bessent: Chemicals, aircraft engines and components offer U.S. key leverage in China negotiations.

Visitor U.S. legislators tell Premier Li Qiang to increase engagement between China and the United States.

Trump and Xi have a telephone conversation on September 19, during which Trump claims they made progress in a TikTok pact, and that they agreed to meet face to face to discuss illicit drugs, trade and the Ukraine war. China welcomes TikTok commercial talks.

China announces that it will examine TikTok’s intellectual property and technology licensing.

September 15 – Both sides reach agreement on a framework to transfer TikTok under U.S. control. The U.S. has pledged to refrain from imposing more tariffs against Chinese products over Russian oil imports, unless European levies are first imposed.

September 14th - Bessent, China's He, and Bessent, Spain, discuss the trade and TikTok divestiture by September 17th.

Both nations extend the tariff truce by 90 days on August 11.

August 10 - As the trade truce expires on August 12, Trump urges China quadruple U.S. soya purchases.

As part of the talks on rare Earths, the United States lifts its April ban and starts issuing Nvidia licenses for exports to China of advanced AI H20 chip technology.

The U.S. government and Chinese officials agreed to extend the 90-day truce on tariffs after two days in Stockholm that they called constructive but did not bring any major breakthroughs.

Bessent: Both sides have resolved issues regarding rare earth minerals and magnetics bound for the United States.

June 9-12: Framework agreement reached at London round of negotiations, and some Chinese rare earths producers start to receive export licenses. Trump claims that a trade truce has been re-established.

Xi and Trump have a phone call lasting an hour on June 5.

Trump claims that China has violated the Geneva agreement to roll back tariffs in both directions and ease restrictions on exports of critical minerals. China denies this accusation, instead accusing America of discriminatory restrictive curbs.

28-29 May - The United States announces that it will begin "aggressively," revoking the visas of Chinese student, and ordering certain companies to stop shipping goods to China.

May 10-12: First round of trade negotiations in Geneva agrees on 90-day pause for tariffs. U.S. tariffs are reduced to 30% from 145% on Chinese goods, while China reduces tariffs to 10%. China will also cancel non-tariffs measures taken since April 2.

Nvidia, a chipmaker, says U.S. officials informed it that China sales of H20 chips would require an export license.

China raises its tariffs on U.S. goods to 125%, calling Trump's strategy a "joke". It also signals that it will ignore further U.S. "numbers games with tariffs".

China threatens to immediately curb imports of Hollywood movies on April 10.

China imposes controls on exports of dual use items to 12 U.S. firms and designates another six as "unreliable" entities.

The United States has increased tariffs on Chinese imports from 84% to 125%. China warns its citizens to avoid U.S. travel.

Tariffs on Chinese imports are raised to 84% from 34% by the United States on April 8.

April 4: China imposes retaliatory duties of 34% on all U.S. imports starting April 10, and limits exports for some rare earths.

Trump announces "Liberation Day", a new set of tariffs that will apply to all imports. Some countries may face even higher rates, while China could be hit with 34%.

From May 2, the United States will no longer allow low-value shipments of goods from China and Hong Kong to be duty-free.

China retaliates with levies between 10% and 15% on U.S. agricultural exports. It also imposes export and investment restrictions on 25 U.S. companies, as well a ban on medical equipment maker Illumina.

March 4 - United States increases tariffs on Chinese imports by 20%, based on fentanyl.

China responds to the U.S. business with measures that include 15% tariffs on U.S. LNG and coal, and 10% levies for crude oil.

The ban on exports applies to five key metals for defence and clean energy.

Trump imposes a 10% penalty duty on China's goods, along with a 25% tax on Mexico and Canada to pressure the United States into curbing fentanyl imports and illegal immigration.

(source: Reuters)