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Andy Home: Warning lights flash when aluminium reels are impacted by Gulf shock

The Iran War is shaping up as one of the largest?supply shocks' in the history the aluminum market.

According to the International Aluminium Institute, the Gulf's production of this metal, used in sectors such as transportation, packaging and solar panels, plummeted in April to its lowest level for over a decade. The regional run-rates fell by 2 million metric tons annually between March and April.

In missile strikes, two Gulf aluminium smelters were damaged. Al Taweelah, the Emirates Global Aluminium plant in Al Taweelah will require a year to repair. At least one other manufacturer - Qatalum has reduced its capacity.

Major logistical issues are a result of the continued closure of Strait of Hormuz for those who still operate.

The Gulf is the largest non-Chinese producer and a major supplier of goods to Japan, South Korea and the United States.

The London Metal Exchange's (LME) price isn't indicative of the scale of the impact on supply. At $3,650 a ton, it is only up 14% since hostilities began and is still far below the 2022 highs following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

The market dashboard is flashing red.

LME TIGHTENS as Stocks DRAIN Away

First, the LME spreads have been sharply tightened.

The benchmark cash-to-3-months spread of the?LME Cash is trading at a $80 premium. This is the tightest market since 2007. The squeeze was short-lived and only affected short positions. This time, the tightness appears to be structural and persistent.

The LME stock, which was already low, has been raided by traders as they look to fill in the supply-chain gap created due to the loss Gulf production.

Since the start of this year, LME registered stock has fallen by one-third to 339 475 tons. In the last two weeks, almost 68,000 tonnes have been cancelled to prepare for physical loading-out.

The remaining tonnage on the LME warrant now is largely Russian aluminum being stored in South Korea's port of Gwangyang. The sanctions over the Ukraine War have rendered this product useless to U.S. and European buyers.

These daily withdrawals are not transfers to off-warrant stock. The LME's "shadow" stock has also been dwindling and is the lowest it's been since the exchange started reporting off-warrant storage in 2020.

PHYSICAL PREMIUMS SURGE

Second, the increase in physical premiums across the globe is a warning sign.

Since the beginning of hostilities, the CME spot premium has increased by more than twice as much to $316 per tonne over the LME. Japanese buyers accepted a $350 premium for their second quarter deliveries. This is the highest price increase in 11 years.

Since the beginning of March, the European duty-paid premium jumped 58%. The duty-unpaid premium soared 75%.

Due to import tariffs of 50%, the U.S. Midwest premium is up by only a modest 8%. However, American buyers are already paying record prices to secure metal.

The Gulf supply shock is most evident in these manifestations. What is less visible is the situation in segments of the market that are not exchange-traded, such as billets. This product is used by construction and transportation sectors.

Fastmarkets, a price reporting agency, reports that the premium for aluminium billet extrusion in Rotterdam has doubled, reaching $1,100 above the LME base rate.

DEFICIT STRUCTURAL

The relative calmness of the LME's outright price masks a tightening along the processing chain.

While LME traders price in the ebbs and flows of headlines surrounding the Iran War, physical buyers pay?up to secure enough metal on a market heading towards a structural shortage.

Mozal Smelter in Mozambique was closed due to "high energy prices" and this has compounded the loss of production.

According to the latest IAI figures, the combined impact has resulted in a drop of 2.4 million tons in Western production during the past two months. The situation could get worse if the Gulf smelters that are still producing cannot source enough raw material via routes which circumvent Strait of Hormuz.

China's massive?aluminium base has increased production, but it is now close to its government's maximum capacity. There is little room for significant further upside.

The country's exports are likely to increase in response to the Gulf Supply Crisis, but these will be mostly semi-processed metals such as foil, strip and bars, rather than raw material.

The cushion can be a short-term one, but as the Strait of Hormuz is closed, the thinner it becomes.

This is a shock to a market which has been living with structural oversupply for the past 20 years.

Aluminium prices are not yet reflecting the seismic changes that have occurred in the supply chain. However, physical buyers already know the extent of the changes.

Andy Home is a columnist at. This column is great! Open Interest (ROI) is your new essential source of global financial commentary. Follow ROI on LinkedIn and X. Listen to the Morning Bid podcast daily on Apple, Spotify or the app. Subscribe to the Morning Bid podcast and hear journalists discussing the latest news in finance and markets seven days a weeks.

(source: Reuters)