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Taiwan and its offshore Islands near the Chinese Coast

Taiwan closely monitors whether China will include Taiwan-controlled Kinmen Islands in a five-year plan being discussed this week in Beijing.

Taiwan's offshore Islands: Facts and figures

When the defeated Republic of China fled to Taiwan after losing a Civil War to Mao Zedong’s communists in 1949, it retained control of a number of islands and islets on China’s southern and eastern coasts. The majority were captured by Chinese forces later or were evacuated by Taiwan because they were difficult to defend.

Taiwan is only geographically a part of the Kinmen Islands and Matsu Islands, which are located just off the coasts of China's Fujian Province.

- During Cold War, Chinese forces bombarded Kinmen, Matsu and other islands, but Taiwan retained control over the islands. The shelling continued until 1979. However, martial law was not lifted until 1992.

Kinmen and Matsu are popular tourist destinations, yet they retain a strong military presence from Taiwan. As part of the normalisation plan, ferry services were launched from Kinmen and Matsu to China in 2001.

At its nearest point, the Chinese coastline is just a few kilometres away from Kinmen. The cities of Xiamen (miles), and Quanzhou are clearly visible from the shore.

Taiwan has expressed concern over a renewed Chinese military and quasi-military pressure campaign against Kinmen, Matsu and Matsu. This includes regular Chinese Coast Guard patrols in Kinmen waters, and occasionally drone flights near.

Civil aviation is a major source of disagreement. China opened two new routes last year near Kinmen Island and Matsu, claiming they would help reduce air traffic congestion. Taiwan said that it had not been consulted, and the routes could pose a risk to the civilian flights servicing the airports in Kinmen and Matsu. Taiwan's officials said that the routes would also reduce their response time, and could threaten the national security of the island.

Xiamen’s new international airport is due to open in the next year and it’s only a few kilometres away from Kinmen. Taiwan fears that this could be a security and aviation risk.

Kinmen and Matsu have already developed economies that are closely linked to those of the Chinese cities Xiamen Quanzhou Fuzhou with whom its residents share strong linguistic, cultural and business ties.

- China also constructed a bridge connecting Xiamen and Kinmen, without consulting Taiwan whose government had not approved the project. Construction has not begun on the Kinmen end. (Written by Ben Blanchard, edited by Sherry Jacque-Phillips).

(source: Reuters)