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Opening Hormuz was the easy part. Bousso: Restoring oil flow is not the easy part

The sporadic shipping through the Strait of Hormuz highlights the uncertainty that hangs over the world's critical oil and natural gas chokepoint. Even if the gunfire stops, it will take months and perhaps years for the flow of oil through the Strait of Hormuz to return to its pre-war level.

Iran announced on Saturday it was tightening its control over the Strait as a response to the U.S. blocking of Iranian tankers. It fired at?several vessels, and warned mariners the strait had been closed. This was just hours after Tehran had announced that the strait would temporarily reopen following a 10-day truce. U.S. President Donald?Trump stated that negotiations were in progress, but threatened to resume military action should shipping be disrupted once again. After the U.S. and Israeli aerial bombing of Iran began on February 28, Tehran effectively closed down the strait. Traffic through the strait, which normally transports around a fifth global oil and natural gas supplies, has been reduced to a trickle since then. Immediate impact was severe. The Gulf has been unable to supply the oil and LNG needed to sustain economies in Asia and Europe. The fighting in the Gulf has caused damage to energy infrastructure and diplomatic relations across the region.

How will the recovery unfold, and at what point can the industry expect to return to pre-war levels of operation?

THE RELIEF RUSH

The speed of recovery depends not only on the diplomacy between Washington, D.C., and Tehran but also on logistics.

According to Kpler, the first tankers leaving the Middle East are the 260 vessels that have already sailed into the Gulf. They carry 170 million barrels oil and 1.2 millions metric tons of LNG.

The majority of these initial cargoes will likely be shipped to Asia. This region normally receives about 80% Gulf oil exports, and 90% of LNG.

More than 300 empty oil tankers that are currently idling on the Gulf of Oman's shores will be able to move into the Gulf, and eventually head for loading terminals like Saudi Arabia's Ras Tanura or Iraq's Basrah Oil Terminal.

The first thing they will do is empty the onshore storage tanks that quickly filled up during the Hormuz shut down. The International Energy Agency estimates that the Gulf's commercial crude storage is currently at 262 million barrels. This is the equivalent of 20 days production disruption, leaving little room to produce until exports resume.

However, the logistics of tanker transport will continue to slow down any full-scale recovery in energy flows. It takes about 20 days to travel from the Middle East up to India's West Coast. The longer-haul routes, such as those to China and Japan, can take up to two months.

Finding enough tankers can be difficult. Many are tangled up in the shipping of oil and LNG between Americas and Asia, which can take as long as 40 days.

Even under benign conditions, a full rebalancing and return to the pre-war rhythms of Gulf loading operations will take eight to twelve weeks.

CHICKEN AND EGG PROBLEM

Producers?such Saudi Aramco, and ADNOC of the United Arab Emirates will need to restart oil and gasoline production at fields and refineries that were closed during the fighting.

This will require careful coordination and the return of thousands skilled workers who were evacuated due to the conflict. The storage capacity at coastal terminals will dictate the pace of recovery, creating a feedback loop that links upstream and downstream activity.

The IEA estimates around half of Gulf oil fields and gas reservoirs retain enough pressure to restore pre-war production within two weeks. Another 30% may take?to 6 weeks, depending on the security situation and the restoration process of supply chains.

The remaining 20%, or roughly 2,5 to 3 million bpd, faces far more difficult technical challenges. Some fields may take several months to recover due to low reservoir pressure, damaged machinery and lack of power. It could take five years to repair damage to major energy assets, such as Qatar's Ras Laffan LNG Hub - which lost 17% of its capacity. It could take up to five years to repair some complex and ageing wells in?Iraq or Kuwait.

Drilling new wells in the region could offset any persistent supply losses, but this process would take at least one year and require an improvement in security.

Iraq and Kuwait are expected to lift force major declarations once the backlog of tankers is cleared and oilfields return to a steady production. These clauses allow exporters suspend deliveries in uncontrollable situations such as war.

Even if the most optimistic scenario is realized - that peace talks are successful, no new conflicts occur and infrastructure damage is not as bad as feared – a return to full pre-war operations will take years.

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(source: Reuters)