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What is the cause of the Iberian Power Outage and what will happen next?

Separate findings have been released by the Spanish government and the grid operator regarding the causes of the massive blackout that occurred in Spain and Portugal, on April 28. The blackout caused gridlock and thousands were left stranded in trains and elevators in cities across the Iberian Peninsula.

What caused the blackout?

In a report published on Tuesday, the Spanish government stated that the grid operator Redeia had miscalculated how much energy was needed in the system. The Spanish government blamed some thermal power plants that use coal, gas, and nuclear for not maintaining an appropriate voltage. As a result, grid operators were unable to cope when a sudden surge in voltage occurred, resulting in the power outage.

To maintain grid stability, voltage - which is the force driving electric current – must be maintained within a safe range.

Redeia stated on Wednesday that the cause of the power outage was a sudden surge in voltage. However, it blamed the conventional power plants for not being able to regulate the voltage. The company attributed the outage to anomalies that occurred during the disconnection of power plants from the network on April 28, and an unexpected surge in demand for electricity in the transport system.

Redeia has rejected the claim its miscalculation of energy mix was a major factor.

What should have happened?

Grid operators use a variety of tools to maintain the stability of power systems by ensuring they have the correct frequency, voltage and supply.

According to the government report, the number of generators available for voltage control was lower on April 28 than in previous weeks.

Redeia did not name the companies that operated the plants and failed to maintain proper voltage control.

Sara Aagesen, Spain's Minister of Energy, said at a Madrid press conference that the grid operator lacked sufficient capacity to regulate voltage.

Concha Sanchez, Redeia’s chief of operations, said that the grid had calculated the voltage support needed, but certain plants didn't respond as expected.

Where are the renewables to blame?

No. The government and Redeia both said that renewable energy sources are not to blame for the blackout.

Spain is Europe's largest producer of renewable energy, and solar power accounted for 59% at the time of blackout.

Sanchez, a Redeia representative, said that if conventional power plants had done their job of controlling voltage, there would not have been a blackout.

Did the French Power Link play a role?

When the power outage occurred, Spain exported electricity to France and Portugal.

Aagesen, the Energy Minister, explained that at 12 p.m. an "atypical oscillation" was detected in power system. Grid operator responded by implementing standard control procedures including reducing exports of electricity to France. These actions, while successful in reducing oscillations, also had a second effect, namely an increase in voltage.

What happens next?

On Tuesday, the government announced that it would propose measures to improve voltage control and strengthen the grid. The government also said it plans to improve the integration of the peninsula with European grid.

Redeia announced that it would release its complete report on Wednesday. The report of the government will be sent to the European Network of Transmission System Operators, which is conducting its own investigation.

A party found to be responsible for a blackout could be held liable for any losses that occurred during the outage.

(source: Reuters)